1. Section 5.1 Immigration

2. “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”

3. What motivated them to come?

4. “Observe immigrants, you are struck by the fact that from ten to twenty percent are hirsute, low-browed, big-faced persons of obviously low mentality…they clearly belong in skins, in wattled huts at the close of the Ice Age.” Professor Edward A. Ross sociologist

5. Which description best represents the true picture of immigration into America at the turn of the century? Both

7. Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to: Describe the change in immigration after 1890 (demography, culture, religion) Define assimilation and describe problems associated with it for immigrants List social problems faced by city dwellers

8. What is your ethnicity? When did your ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents) come to America? What year (about)? Where did they live? Occupation? What made them come here?

10. Describe how immigration changed after 1890. 1880 US population was 50 million Immigration always part of America’s growth Greatly increased 1880-1920 –25 million Demographic shift –Northern and Western Europe (Great Britain, Ireland, Germany) before 1890 Protestant –1890-1920 Southern and Eastern Europe Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia New Faiths (Catholic, Jewish) Poor and uneducated

11. What problems did they encounter? Assimilation –Polish immigrant quote pg. 154 Eugenics –The Passing of the Great Race (1916) “lesser breeds” will “mongrelize” America Nativism/Xenophobia –Henry Bowers Protective Association Immigration Restriction League Literacy Tests

12. Who wants the flow of immigration to continue? Factory Owners Why? Cheap Labor

13. How did people in art react to these new problems? George Bellows

14. Alfred Stieglitz

15. What about today? How open should our borders be?