1. Wind & Solar Power: Natural Energy Sources 9/18/15 Emily Sautter Wind Program Manager Green Energy Ohio Timber Road II Wind Farm, Paulding & Van Wert Counties Wyandot Solar Farm 12 MW

2. Green Energy Ohio State-wide non-profit organization dedicated to promoting environmentally & economically sustainable energy policies & practices Education & Outreach Annual Green Energy Tour GEO News Magazine Solar Thermal Rebate Program Wind Program –Wind monitoring & economic feasibility studies / consultation –Public wind database (data & reports) – wind monitoring sites throughout Ohio www.greenenergyohio.org Governor’s Residence Solar PV array

3. Wind Monitoring Equipment & Temporary MET Tower NRG Anemometer NRG Wind Vane NRG Temp. Sensor NRG Data Logger 60 m MET tower

4. Monitoring Ohio Wind Fee For Service Projects NASA Plum Brook Station – Erie Co. Toledo Zoo Baughman Tile Co. – Paulding Co. Parker Hannifin Corp. – Preble Co. Crown Equipment Corp. – Auglaize Wind Energy Services Crew Parker Hannifin & GEO Personnel – Lewisburg, OH Baughman Tile Co. Paulding, OH

5. Ohio Anemometer Loan Program Kenston Local Schools – Geauga Co. Archbold Area Schools – Fulton Co. Pettisville Local Schools – Fulton Co. Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds – Cuyahoga Co. Kenston – 750 kW Cuyahoga County Fairgrounds – 500 kW Archbold - 750 kW

6. GEO Wind Monitoring Locations/GEO Public Wind Database

8. Economic Feasibility Studies for Wind Projects Scope of Work =  Obtain FAA approval; identify zoning/permitting and utility interconnection requirements  Preliminary wind resource evaluation including access to wind data from our database  Site visit & research  Analysis of on-site utility bills  Identify wind turbine options  Calculate energy production estimates  Financial analysis  Report preparation Indiana Brown Bat

9. Advantages of Wind Energy 1.Environmental benefits / sustainable resource 2.Hedge against long-term price volatility of other fuels (i.e., coal, natural gas) 3.Energy security 4.Economic development benefits –Creates jobs –Lease & royalty payments to landowners –Tax payments to the local government

10. Advantages of Wind Energy 5.Can be cheaper than conventional sources of electricity 6.Educational Tool 7.Marketing Tool Northwind 100 at Byers Mazda in Columbus Cincinnati Zoo Solar Canopy

11. Utility Scale Wind Development Wind Speed is #1 Preferred sites are large farm fields and areas open to SW prevailing winds. Close Proximity to Electric Transmission Infrastructure Factors that could eliminate a site include: –Other Tall Structures –Woodlots –Wildlife Habitat –Wetlands

12. Utility Scale Wind Development Turbines placed in rows perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction –2 to 4 rotor diameters apart in the perpendicular –7 to 10 rotor diameters parallel to wind direction Construction Area – 10 Open Acres Operational Area (Footprint) – 2 Open Acres

13. Utility Scale Wind Development OPSB minimum setbacks (before HB 483) –from property line = 1.1 times the total height of the turbine structure Example: turbine total height of 476 feet = setback of 523.6 feet –from residences = 1,125 feet

14. Visual Impacts Tall Objects 300’ to hub, 450’ to tip “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder” Existing objects on skyline –Cell towers, billboards, water towers, utility lines Painted gray/off-white or other colors to blend in with surroundings Careful siting to minimize visual concerns Source: NREL

15. Shadow Flicker OPSB limits exposure to 30 hours per year Solutions: appropriate turbine siting, setbacks, trees to intercept shadow, neighbor payments, curtail turbines (30/8760 = 0.3%) Source: AWEA Occurs when rotating blades come between the viewer & the sun, causing a moving shadow Effect can be easily predicted to determine location & duration Effect is generally short-lived (i.e., a few hours over a year’s time).

16. Sound

17. Ice & Blade Shedding OPSB requires ice detection software Safety features preventing blade shedding: –two independent braking systems –a pitch control system –lightning protection system –automatic turbine shut down at excess vibration –automatic turbine shut down at excessive wind speeds

18. Property Value Impacts

19. Wildlife Impacts Wind turbines do affect birds and bats –Collisions –Barotraumas –Habitat disruption & abandonment –Turbines do not have population-level impacts on most bird species –More research needed on bats Indiana Brown Bat. Source: ODNR Bald Eagle. Source: www.wfae.org

20. Source: Erickson et al. 2005. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. Sources of Bird Mortality in U.S.

21. Environmental Considerations Contact USFWS, ODNR & local avian groups –Endangered/threaten ed species in vicinity? Survey Effort Required by ODNR Proper siting is principal mitigation strategy

22. Public Engagement Public has a role in ensuring wise wind siting decisions in their community Engage public early & often Include broad representation of stakeholder groups Communicate the benefits of the project to the public Present credible, clear information centered on scientific basis

23. Utility Scale Wind Development in Ohio 55 turbines (99 MW) on- line at Timber Road II Wind Farm (2011) 152 turbines (304 MW) on- line at Blue Creek Wind Farm (2012) 1,401 MW certified by OPSB 452 MW pending certification by OPSB Blue Creek Wind Farm

24. Utility-Scale Wind Development in Ohio

27. Economic Benefits of Two Ohio Wind Farms Approx. $775 million investment 495 jobs at peak of construction 30 new permanent jobs 40 NW Ohio vendors/suppliers involved in the projects $21.3 million spent on local contracts $2.5 million in combined annual landowner payments $3.6 million in annual tax payments $145,000 in local contributions $325,000 to Vantage Career Center over 20 years

28. Ohio & the Wind Turbine Supply Chain 62 Ohio businesses are active in the wind power supply chain (AWEA) –#1 in the nation Ohio has more facilities producing products for the wind energy industry than any other state 5,000-6,000 jobs in 2011 (4 th in the nation; AWEA) 2,000-3,000 jobs in 2012 (12 th in the nation; AWEA) 1,000-2,000 jobs in 2013 and 2014

29. Getting the Energy to the Grid PJM 2013 study –Adding renewable energy to the system Lowers: Fuel costs Variable Operations and Maintenance costs Average Locational Marginal Prices –30% wind and solar energy would cause no reliability problems With adequate transmission expansion, and 1,500 MW in additional regulation reserves, the system would not have any significant reliability issues (due to organized markets, regional infrastructure planning processes, and large geographic footprint

30. Distributed Wind Energy Cooper Farms (Van Wert, Ohio) –4.5 MW (three 1.5 MW Goldwind turbines) –Came online in 2012 –Provide 75% of the company’s power needs Whirlpool/Ball (Findlay, Ohio) –5 Wind turbines (3 for Ball, 2 for Whirlpool –22% of factories' electricity consumption –$18 million project Cooper Farms – 1.5 MW Goldwind

31. Solar PV in Ohio The majority of the solar PV capacity is in systems ≥100 kW –121 Solar PV Systems (≥100 kW) –100.62 MW of Solar PV capacity (≥100 kW) Regional Breakdown of Ohio Solar PV Systems ≥100 kW Number of Installations ≥100 kW Capacity of Installations ≥100 kW (MW) Northeast2914.32 Northwest3256.17 Central159.58 Southwest4119.92 Southeast40.63 State Total121100.62 According to the PUCO list of Certified Renewable Energy Facilities Ohio has: –1,592 Solar PV Systems –120.7 MW of Solar PV capacity –Sites include Ohio airports, factories, municipal and investor-owned utilities, commercial buildings, zoos, schools, universities, and other locations

32. Largest Solar PV Arrays in SW Ohio Cincinnati Zoo –1.56 MW –17 th largest array in Ohio (as of May 2015) IKEA –1.03 MW –22 nd largest array in Ohio (as of May 2015) Cedarville University –2.154 MW –10 th largest array in Ohio (as of May 2015) Springfield Solar –1.7692 MW –16 th largest array in Ohio (as of May 2015) Springfield (Assurant Specialty Property) PV Array

33. Residential PV in Ohio

37. Renewable Portfolio Standard/S.B. 221 Ohio utilities must provide 25% of retail electricity supply from alternative energy resources by 2025 12.5% generated by advanced energy sources: clean coal, advanced nuclear power, CHP, fuel cells 12.5% must be generated from renewable energy resources: PV, solar thermal, wind, geothermal, biomass, landfill gas, fuel cells, hydroelectric At least 50% of renewable energy requirement must be met by in-state facilities Solar carve out of 0.5%; Yearly benchmarks Utilities must implement energy efficiency and peak demand reduction programs; cumulative energy savings of 22% by 2025

38. Renewable Energy Credits (REC) Tradable, non-tangible energy commodity 1 REC is proof of 1 MWh of renewable energy generation Can be sold to aggregators, renewable energy installers, or directly to the electric utilities Selling your RECs Removes the “renewable” attribute of your power, turning the power you produce with your system into “brown” power

39. Policy Changes Senate Bill 310 –Freezes renewable and energy efficiency standards at 2014 levels –Study committee tasked with evaluating the costs and benefits of current standards. Report due in September –Removed the in-state requirement House Bill 483 –Increased the setbacks for utility-scale wind turbines from the nearest property line to 1,125 feet

40. QUESTIONS? Emily Sautter Emily@GreenEnergyOhio.org 216-789-5248 www.GreenEnergyOhio.org