1. C. Bromberg 1 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 LS (or P) Tube Detector Concept l Outline äWhy gas filled tubes? äExtruded tube and absorber integration äCost estimate äBuilding integration l Why gas filled tubes? äRobust; large body of experience äEfficiency and live fiducial area nearly 100% äCritical connections (gas, HV, readout) easily accessed äGeometry compatible with monolithic absorber äCosts significantly reduced vs. typical tube detectors - Hodoscopic measurements - Absorber can provide strength - Robotic construction feasible - 2D readout?

2. C. Bromberg 2 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 Cost reduction of LS(or P)T construction l Significant cost reductions vs. typical tube detector. äHodoscopic only! - Wire location tolerance,  ~ 300 microns - Unsaturated drift-v is OK - Slow (perhaps safe) gases are OK - Tolerances consistent with semi-automatic or robotic wiring äMechanical issues - Strength provided by absorber - Plastic extrusion, full tubes, carbon loaded - Alignment ~ 0.5 cm, easily achieved with absorber äReadout configurations can be optimized - 1D, 2 x 1D, or 2D - Readout can use wires, strips, or both

3. C. Bromberg 3 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 2 x 1D gas tube detector l Monolithic absorber ($300/T) concept ä Particleboard lamination (w/dowels) ä Spacer strips alternate with slots for extrusions l Spacer thickness to match extrusion ä Thin center plate (1 cm) ä Spacer strips match square (2.5 cm) or rectangular tube dimension ä End plates (2.0 cm)

4. C. Bromberg 4 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 2 x 1D gas tube detector l Overlap 4 solid and 4 slotted absorbers l Mass 8T 10 m x 10 m l Solder-less wiring of extrusion l Wire tension held by crimped on plugs l Injected molded endplate w/feed-through

5. C. Bromberg 5 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 Wiring Techniques l Injection molded wire supports äSnapped on wire äPulled through tube with wire l Semi-automatic or full robotic wiring ä Mount spools with feed control ä Crimp plugs onto wire ä Snap supports onto wires ä Pull wires through tubes ä Apply tension and insert plugs into endplate feed-through

6. C. Bromberg 6 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 2 x 1D readout costs l Detector parameters ä 300 x-y pairs (600 total planes) ä Wire length, ä 1D area, ä Channels (20 m), l Materials Cost($)/m 2 ä Plastic (carbon) extrusion 20.0 ä GPTW (Luma $0.12/m) 4.8 ä I-mold endplate (2 per 4m 2 ) 5.0 ä I-mold supports (1 per 2m) 2.5 ä Gas fittings, HV connectors 5.0 ä Aluminized exterior($1/m 2 ) 2.0 ä Electronics interface 2.5 Total 41.8 l Assembly ä 500 days, 480 m 2 per day ä 120 units (4 m 2 ) per day ä Wiring robot, 2 units/hr. ä Need 60 robot-hr. per day l Labor Cost ($M) ä 8 robots (2 robots at 4 sites) 2.0 ä 2 people/robot @ $40/ hr 2.4 ä Misc. labor 0.6 Total Labor cost 5.0 Total cost $15.0M Materials cost $10.0M Effective cost $62.5/m 2

7. C. Bromberg 7 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 2D readout (x-tubes & y-strips) l Y-strips äMetal foil-on-paper, glued on center plate äFull 20m length; no connections äStrip polarity opposite for tubes on either side of the center plate äBipolar, differential electronics äSame electronics for tubes l X-strips äFoil with strips glued on tubes äWire/x-strip readout differentially äReadout from each side, or coupled for 20 m readout l Unit size and weight äLaminated unit is 10 m x 20 m äUnit mass is ~10T l Replace vertical tubes with y-strips äNumber of tubes halved, and strip do not add much to total cost  Sampling doubled,  (E) suffers äMonolithic construction retained

8. C. Bromberg 8 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 Use absorber as the building core l Transverse truss to support walls and roof l Longitudinal truss cantilever over the assembly area l New absorber sections rotated into place l Temporary walls move back as absorber is assembled

9. C. Bromberg 9 Michigan State University Jan. 2003 Conclusions l Particleboard absorber requires no containers, can be drilled, sawed, screwed, glued, etc., and is less expensive than any other choice (including water). Also, it may simplify the building and reduce its costs l Alternating spacer/detector design allows monolithic structure with essentially no dead regions. Also applicable to scintillator, or RPC based detector. l Hodoscopic tolerances allow cost effective gas tube construction techniques. l 2D readout concept looks practical. l R&D issues: äSelect extrusion materials and dimensions äVerify strip readout scheme and cost benefits äPrototype endplates and wire supports äInvestigate semi-automatic wiring äPrototype robot if necessary