1. Earth

2. Physical Characteristics of Earth 1.Spherical shape -satellite photos -curved shadow on moon during a lunar eclipse. -approaching ships “rise” over the horizon

3. Physical Characteristics of Earth 2. Rotation -Earth spins on its axis (an imaginary vertical line) causing night and day. -24 hours to rotate once on its axis -rotates 365 times in a year Foucault’s Pendulum shows the Earth’s rotation as it swings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3jr0DaV8N8

4. Physical Characteristics of Earth 3. Magnetic Field -Movement of liquid iron inside Earth and its rotation create a magnetic field. -Helps protect Earth from harmful CME’s from the sun.

5. Physical Characteristics of Earth 4. Revolution -Earth’s yearly orbit around the sun. (365 ¼ days) -Path is elliptical in shape. Farthest away from sun in July Closest to sun in January

6. What causes the seasons? ? ? ?

7. What do you know about the Seasons? Summer –NJ-warm, longer days, June-August –Hawaii-80’s, 12 hours of light –Alaska- up to 24 hours of light –Australia-Dec-Feb Winter –NJ-cold, longer nights, Dec-Feb –Hawaii- 70’s, 12 hrs of light –Alaska-up to 24 hours of darkness –Australia-June-Sept.

8. Distance from the sun does NOT cause our seasons. If it did, we would all feel winter in July and summer in January. Even Hawaii would have a cold winter!

9. Physical Characteristics of Earth 5. A Tilted Axis 23.5˚ tilt -The Earth is always tilted the same direction during its yearly revolution around the sun.

11. Sunlight strikes the hemisphere tilted towards the sun more directly than the hemisphere tilted away. Summer occurs in the hemisphere tilted towards the sun. (direct light) Sun

12. Direct Light Areas receiving direct light from the Sun have a greater amount of sunlight, therefore higher temperatures.

13. What season is it? Sun Northern Hemisphere-Winter Southern Hemisphere-Summer

14. So what causes the seasons? The Earth’s tilt causes the seasons! http://lhsgems.org/Presentations/SSS%203-8%20NSTA%202009%20final.ppt#362,35,Another Model for Distance

15. Solstice The day when the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator. Northern Hemisphere- (opposite of S. Hemi) –Summer solstice: June 21 or 22 (longest period of daylight of the year) –Winter solstice: December 21 or 22 (shortest period of daylight of the year)

16. The sun’s path across the sky is higher in the summer and lower in the winter http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2011/10/about-time-beer-can-freezes-ti-1.html

17. Equinox When the sun is directly above the Earth’s equator. Daylight hours are nearly equal all over Earth. –Neither the N. or S. Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. –Spring equinox-March 20 or 21 –Fall equinox-September 22 or 23

18. Seasons demos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD_8J m5pTLkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD_8J m5pTLk http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoani mations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.htmlhttp://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoani mations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/gas_planets/Seasons_Nav.swf

19. Northern Hemisphere Solstice and Equinox positions Seasons are opposite for the Southern Hemisphere

20. Review Quiz

21. Which diagram correctly shows Earth’s orbit around the sun?

22. Identify for the N. Hemisphere: 1.Summer solstice 2.Winter solstice 3.Fall equinox 4.Spring equinox A D C B Summer Spring Winter Fall

23. How do we know the Earth is a sphere? -satellite photos -curved shadow on moon during a lunar eclipse. -approaching ships “rise” over the horizon

24. What is an axis? The imaginary vertical line around which the Earth spins.

25. What does “A” represent? What does “B” represent? A A-RevolutionB-Rotation B

26. How long does one complete rotation take on Earth? 24 hours

27. How long does one complete revolution of Earth take? 365 days (1 year)

28. Why is a magnetic field important? It protects Earth from CME’s from the Sun

29. How do we have a magnetic field? The motion of the liquid metal inside Earth and our daily rotation cause it.

30. What causes the seasons? TILT! TILT! TILT!

31. What season is it in the Southern Hemisphere? Summer-southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun = direct light = summer! Sun

32. What type of light makes hotter temperatures? Direct!

33. Where is the sun during the equinox? Directly over the equator.

34. What’s the difference between northern and southern hemispheres’ seasons? They are opposite! Christmas (December) in Australia is warm! Easter is celebrated in the fall (March or April)

35. http://www.teach- nology.com/worksheets/science/earth/4/http://www.teach- nology.com/worksheets/science/earth/4/