1. Mary E. McCall Saint Mary’s College of California Fielding Graduate University International Federation on Ageing Prague, 2012

2. Values as fundamental basis for decision-making “Values are the ideals that give significance to our lives, that are reflected through the priorities we choose, and that we act on consistently and repeatedly.” B.P. Hall

3. Why people’s values differ World Views, which come from: Life experiences, which are influenced by: Family, friends, society, culture, gender, race/ethnicity, social class, religion/spirituality

4. Hall-Tonna “map” of human development and values World views in different Phases range from: SURVIVING: “The world is a mystery over which I have no control.” BELONGING: “The world is a problem with which I must cope.” SELF-INITIATING: “The world is a creative project in which I want to participate.” INTERDEPENDENT: “The world is a mystery for which we care on a global scale.”

6. Values can be either goal values or means values GOAL VALUES: these values are about how we want “to be” in the world, such as “able to experience sensory delight” or “balancing intimacy and solitude.” MEANS VALUES: these values are about the ways in which or skills we need to achieve our Goal Values, such as “having physical affection” or “time for solitude”

7. The Hall-Tonna Values Inventory A 125-item survey that “maps” out phases, stages and values associated with each one. “discernment” questions about the meaning of your profile of values and how you feel you are or are not able to live them out in your life at any particular time. Applications to personal development, leadership development, and organizational development

8. Reflecting on Values What values do I want to live my life by? What values would I be proud to see expressed in my family? What values am I proud to see exercised in my work role? What values come to bear in care- giving situations?

9. Applying these to decision-making In bringing unconscious values to awareness through this process of identification and articulation of values, one can more clearly and intentionally make decisions that support and enact one’s values. It doesn’t mean that different values might not be at play, but knowing that, one can make an informed and value-based decision.

10. Creativity is needed in living values Example of man who has a wife with dementia who can no longer care for her in their home, even though she says to him, “Promise you won’t leave me.” In small groups of three, using map, identify what values might be in play here. How would you advise this man?

11. DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTIONS ON CASE SITUATION

12. CASE SCENARIOS In small groups of 3, each share a decision that either you or someone you know is facing, and having a difficult time with. Describe the elements and possible “conflicts” that seem at play here. Identify what values you have (from the list) or what values you know about the other person.

13. Identify how some of these might seem in conflict and contributing to the difficulty. Identify and discuss what value(s) is taking highest priority and why. Discuss what it means to prioritize values – it doesn’t mean the others aren’t still important, but they may not be the primary values in action in this particular situation.