1. There are two parts to a solution: 1) ____________- the dissolving medium which is typically a liquid or the substance in greater amount when 2 similar phases are mixed 2) _____________ - the substance that dissolves Aqueous Solutions Solvent Solute

2. Examples of common solutions: Kool-aid = _________ in _______ Air = ____ in ____ 14K gold = _______ in _________ sugarwater O2O2 N2N2 silvergold

4. Examples of common solutions: __________ = copper in zinc Cola Drinks = sugar in water and ______ in ___________ Brass CO 2 water

5. Measuring the Concentration of a Solution ___________________: how much solute is dissolved in a certain amount of solvent at some given temperature and pressure. Qualitative Vocabulary _______________ : contains a small amount of solute _______________ : contains a large amount of solute concentrateddilute Concentration Dilute Concentrated

6. concentrated dilute

7. Quantitative Vocabulary: ____________: moles of solute per liter of solution _______________ ( ) = moles of solute ÷ Liters of solution Practice Problem: What is the molar concentration of an aqueous NaCl solution when 25.0 grams are dissolved in water to make 500 mL of solution? moles MolarityLiters X Grams of solute = (M) x (L) x (Molar Mass) Molarity M 25.0 g = (M) x (0.500 L) x (58.5 g/mole) Molarity = 0.855 M

8. Making a Solution of a Required Concentration # of moles ÷ # of liters = Molarity

10. Making Dilutions Dilution: Making a solution _______ concentrated by ________ more ___________. Important: When diluting acids: “Add acid to water, do as you ought-er.” M 1 xV 1 =M 2 xV 2 M 1 -- the initial concentration of the solution. V 1 -- the initial volume of the original solution that is going to be diluted with water. M 2 -- the final concentration of the solution after it’s diluted with water. V 2 -- the total volume of the final solution after it has been diluted with water. lessadding solvent

11. Making Dilutions M 1 xV 1 =M 2 xV 2 Practice Problems: 1) The science department buys HCl in large bottles that have a concentration of 12 Molar. The science teacher then dilutes the acid for labs. How would the teacher make 2.0 liters of a 2.5 M HCl solution from this “stock” solution? 2) What is the final concentration of a sugar solution if 300 mL of water is added to 500 mL of a 2.5 M sugar solution? ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) V 1 = 0.417 L ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) M 2 = 1.56 M 12 MV1V1 2.5 M2.0 L Take 0.417 L of the stock solution and add it to some water and then add enough water to make a final volume of 2.0 liters. 2.5 M500 mL800 mLM2M2