1. VERBS By: Sandra Boyd Revised By: T.M. Chambers

2. Verbs show action or state of being. Examples: go, is An action verb is a word that expresses a physical or mental action. It may contain more than one word. Examples: He paints. (physical action) We thought about it. (mental action)

3. Notice the following action verbs in the following paragraph. Sports experts write about the football player Jim Thorpe even today. Thorpe blocked like a tank. He tackled like a tornado. In every game Thorpe attacked his opponents with all his might. He caught the ball skillfully and charged ahead fearlessly. Experts still remember and honor Thorpe’s greatness. ACTIONACTION VERBSVERBS

4. Again an action verb can express physical actions, such as writing and running, or mental activities such as thinking and honoring. ACTIONACTION VERBSVERBS Physical write block tackle catch charge Mental remember honor prefer excel regarded

5. LINKING VERBS

6. Linking Verbs (and Predicate Words) A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence with a noun or an adjective in the predicate. John McGraw was the manager. Linking verbs tell what the subject is or is like. Linking Verb SubjectPredicate Noun

7. Common Linking Verbs bebecome growfeel seemturn appear taste looksmell sound  Many of these linking verbs can also be used as action verbs.  Linking verbs are listed on the S.A.M. sheet !

8. Predicate Nouns Sam is a pitcher. Susan was our best player. Will you be my friend? A predicate noun follows a linking verb. It tells what the subject is.

9. Predicate Adjectives Samantha is beautiful. Susan was bored with sports. Will the game be interesting? A predicate adjective follows a linking verb. It describes the subject by telling what it is like.

10. HELPING VERBS

11. Helping Verbs A helping verb is a verb that helps the main verb tell about an action or make a statement.

12. Helping Verbs List ishaveshouldshall washascouldwill werehadwoulddo aredid ammaydoes be mightcan been, beingmust  Helping verbs are listed on the S.A.M. sheet !

13. Helping Verbs In the sentence above, the word are is the helping verb, and the present participle jumping is the main verb. The students are jumping rope now.

14. VERB TENSE

15. Verb Tenses The tense of a verb tells when an action takes place.

16. Principal Parts of Verbs Every verb has four basic parts, which are called its principal parts. You must know all of these in order to form the different tenses correctly.  Present  Past  Present Participle  Past Participle

17. Present Tense A present tense of a verb names an action that happens regularly. Present Tense Forms Singular I race. You race. He, she, or it races. Plural We race. You race. They race.

18. A past tense of a verb names an action that has already happened. Past Tense Past Tense Forms Singular I raced. You raced. He, she, or it raced. Plural We raced. You raced. They raced. The past tense of many verbs is formed by adding –d or –ed to the base form of the verb.

19. Future Tense The future tense of a verb names an action that will take place in the future. In the future tense, the word will is used with the verb. **Sometimes shall is used when the pronouns I or we is the subject. Future Tense Forms Singular I will (shall) go. You will go. He, she, or it will go. Plural We will (shall) go. You will go. They will go.

20. Principal Parts of Verbs There are two types of participles: The Past Participle (verbs usually end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n) The Present Participle (verbs end in - ing) Participles are words formed from verbs which can be used as adjectives.

21. The chart below shows how the principal parts of most verbs are formed. Principal Parts of Verbs Base FormPresent Participle Past FormPast Participle jumpjumpingjumped Principal Parts of Verbs

22. Present Participle The present participle of a verb always ends in –ing. _________________________________ Examples: o know ing o tak ing (the “e” in take is dropped) o writ ing (the “e” in write is dropped)

23. Past Participle The past participle of a verb **always requires a helping verb ( have, has, had ). __________________________________________ EXAMPLES: o had known o have taken o has written

24. Helping Verbs Tense Present am – is - are Past was -were Past Participle have – has - had Combine with the present participle form of the verb. Combine with the past participle form of the verb.

25. Helping Verbs – Past Participle Using Have, Has, Had SingularPlural I have jumped. You have jumped. She has jumped. We have jumped. You have jumped. They have jumped. SingularPlural I had jumped. You had jumped. She had jumped. We had jumped. You had jumped. They had jumped.

26. Guided Practice…

28. WHAT ARE THEY?  The way a verb forms its past tense determines its classification as regular or irregular.  A regular verb takes the –d or –ed ending to denote the past tense.

29. Regular  believe → believed  smile → smiled Irregular  run → ran  eat → ate EXAMPLES

30.  Ir regular verbs do not take the –d or –ed ending.  They are changed in various other ways to indicate past tense. An ir regular verb forms its past and past participle by…

31. EXAMPLES:  Choir members sing during performances.  Chelsea is singing in the program tonight.  Last year, Marie sang the opening hymn.  Rachel yelled, “We have sung that song every year since 2001!” 1. …by changing vowels Base Present Part. Past Past Part sing (helping verb) singing sang (helping verb) sung

32. 2. …by changing consonants BasePresent Part.Past Past Part make(helping verb) making made (helping verb) made EXAMPLES:  Humans make mistakes everyday.  Camille is making a huge mistake by skipping class.  Austin made a left when he should turned right.  We have made a great decision to study.

33. EXAMPLES: o Good students do their homework and turn it in on time. o Great students are doing their best everyday to be successful. o Teachers did everything they needed to do to be successful. o Both parents and teachers have done their jobs to help students be successful. 3. …by changing vowels and consonants dodo (helping verb) doing diddid (helping verb) done BasePresent Part.PastPast Part

34. EXAMPLES:  Students hurt their average when they do not follow directions on assignments.  Humans are hurting the planet by polluting.  Samuel hurt his sister’s feelings by telling her she could not go with him to Six Flags.  Sometimes we hurt others’ feelings unknowingly. 4. …by making NO changes BasePresent Part.PastPast Part hurt (helping verb) hurting hurt (helping verb) hurt