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2.  The Northern army was marching very slowly towards Manassas, Virginia under Gen. McDowell  These troops ran into Gen. Beauregard’s army and began an assault but Thomas Jackson’s unit stood standing like a brick wall against the advance.  The victory earned Jackson the nickname of “Stonewall”

3.  This was the first major battle of the Civil War and the Confederates won  “Bull Run” is also known as “The Battle of Manassas”  The Union’s hopes of winning a “quick” war were shattered

4. GGeorge McClellan- American army general put in charge of Union troops. oHoHe was later removed for failing to move on to Richmond. MMcClellan launched The Peninsular Campaign (b/w York R. and James R.) to capture Richmond, VA the Confederate capital in the summer of 1862 but it was very slow in approach. TThe Union’s best attempt at Richmond was the Seven Days’ Battle, a series of battles that saw the South force the North to retreat. RRobert E. Lee was put in command of the Confederate Army; he was a West Point grad, Mexican War vet, and led Federal troops at Harper’s Ferry.

5.  Second Battle of Bull Run lasted three days where Jackson’s troops met Pope’s troops on the battlefield.  First Day: fought to a draw with huge casualties on both sides.  Second Day: Pope pushed forward, just to be pushed back with heavy casualties on both sides.  Third Day: the Union army was forced to retreat once the Confederates completed their assault.

6.  Confederate leaders hoped to follow Robert E. Lee’s success in Virginia with a major victory in the North.  40,000 Confederate soldiers crossed into Maryland and ran into Union soldiers. (Lee vs. McClellan)  More deaths occurred at the Battle of Antietam than the deaths of all Americans in the American Revolution, War of 1812, and the Mexican- American War combined. o The large amount of deaths would be a trend throughout the war.  George B. McClellan did not use a back-up force to attack Lee’s battered army however, he stopped the Confederate advance to the North.

7.  The North had most of the U.S Navy’s small fleet and had enough industry to build more ships.  The blockade’s purpose was to prevent the South from selling or receiving goods o While effective, the blockade was hard to maintain because it covered thousands of miles of coastline.  The union blockade reduced the number of ships entering to ports from 6000 to 800 per year.

8.  Both sides needed an advantage at sea, so they turned to a new type of warship called the ironclad.  No wood, and no need for wind b/c the ironclad was completely made of metal.  In March 1862, the South’s “Virginia” sank 2 Union war ships.

9.  In April of ’62, The Virginia returned to the blockade but met the North’s ironclad, the Monitor.  The Monitor had a revolving gun tower which allowed it to fire at all sides.  Neither ship inflicted heavy damages but the Monitor’s efforts sent the Confederate ship back home.  These clashes of ironclads signaled a major change in naval warfare. o Eventually there was no more wooden warships.