1. Lesotho STEPS Survey 2012 Fact Sheet John Nkonyana Director Disease Control

2. Discription The STEPS survey of chronic disease risk factors was carried out from April to May 2012. Lesotho carried out Step 1, Step 2 and Step 3.

3. Methodology Step 1: Socio demographic and behavioural information. Step 2: Physical measurements such as height, weight and blood pressure. Step 3: Biochemical measurements were collected to assess blood glucose and cholesterol levels

4. Methodology The STEPS survey was a population-based survey of adults aged 25-64. A multi-stage cluster sample design was used to produce representative data for that age range. A total of 2310 adults participated in the survey. The overall response rate was 80%.

5. Tobacco Use

6. Alcohol Consumption

7. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption (in a typical week)

8. Physical Activity

9. Physical Measurements BMI Variable Both Sexes MalesFemales Mean body mass index - BMI (kg/m 2 ) 25.5 (25.1 - 25.9) 23.2 (22.8 - 23.7) 27.7 (27.1 - 28.2) Percentage who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) 41.5% (37.5 - 45.4) 24.8% (20.0 - 29.5) 58.2% (53.8 - 62.6) Percentage who are obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) 19.9 % (17.4 - 22.4) 7.9% (5.0 - 10.9) 31.9% (28.3 - 35.4) Average waist circumference (cm) ---- 79.9 (78.7 - 81.0) 86.5 (85.1 - 87.9)

10. Variable Both Sexes MalesFemales Mean systolic blood pressure - SBP (mmHg), including those currently on medication for raised BP 126.1 (124.9 - 127.3) 126.1 (124.4 - 127.8) 126.2 (124.8 - 127.6) Mean diastolic blood pressure - DBP (mmHg), including those currently on medication for raised BP 82.6 (81.7 - 83.5) 80.5 (79.3 - 81.8) 84.5 (83.6 - 85.4) Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or currently on medication for raised BP) 31.0% (28.0 - 34.0) 26.3% (21.8 - 30.9) 35.6% (32.1 - 39.0) Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) who are not currently on medication for raised BP 83.8% (80.9 - 86.7) 91.8% (87.1 - 96.6) 78.1% (73.5 - 82.6) Physical Measurements Blood Pressure

11. Biochemical Measurement fasting Blood Glucose Variable Both Sexes MalesFemales Mean fasting blood glucose, including those currently on medication for raised blood glucose (mmol/l) 4.4 (4.3 - 4.5) 4.3 (4.2 - 4.5) 4.6 (4.4 - 4.7) Percentage with impaired fasting glycaemia as defined below  plasma venous value ≥6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dl) and <7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)  capillary whole blood value ≥5.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) and <6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dl) 4.0% (2.6 - 5.4) 2.9% (0.7 - 5.1) 5.0% (3.2 - 6.8) Percentage with raised fasting blood glucose as defined below or currently on medication for raised blood glucose  plasma venous value ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)  capillary whole blood value ≥ 6.1 mmol/l (110 mg/dl) 6.3% (4.3 - 8.4) 6.0% (3.0 - 9.1) 6.6% (3.9 - 9.4)

12. Biochemical Measurement Total Blood Cholesterol Variable Both Sexes MalesFemales Mean total blood cholesterol, including those currently on medication for raised cholesterol (mmol/l) 3.4 (3.3 - 3.5) 3.2 (3.2 - 3.3) 3.6 (3.5 - 3.6) Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥ 5.0 mmol/l or ≥ 190 mg/dl or currently on medication for raised cholesterol) 4.6% (3.4 - 5.9) 3.0% (1.1 - 4.9) 6.2% (4.3 - 8.0)

13. Summary of combined risk factors  current daily smokers  less than 5 servings of fruits & vegetables per day  low level of activity  overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 )  raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or currently on medication for raised BP) Variable Both Sexes Males Females Percentage with none of the above risk factors 2.2% (1.2 - 3.3) 2.5% (0.6 - 4.3) 2.0% (1.0 - 3.1) Percentage with three or more of the above risk factors, aged 25 to 44 years 22.1% (18.3 - 25.8) 21.7% (16.0 - 27.4) 22.4% (17.8 - 27.1) Percentage with three or more of the above risk factors, aged 45 to 64 years 41.6% (36.6 - 46.5) 40.6% (31.7 - 49.5) 42.2% (36.5 - 47.9) Percentage with three or more of the above risk factors, aged 25 to 64 years 26.7% (23.5 - 30.0) 25.2% (20.3 - 30.2) 28.2% (24.1 - 32.3)