1. Team Muon Final Presentation Chelsea Donaldson Graham Risch Henry Shennan Jennifer Nill Jonathan Lumpkin November 30, 2010

2. Mission Overview  Team Muon will look for evidence of the “airglow effect” produced when molecular oxygen in the upper atmosphere is excited by fluorescent and resonant processes by observing the intensty molecule’s spectral line emission at 557.7nm.  We expected that the airglow effect would be the most intense at higher altitudes and higher oxygen concentrations.

3. Design Overview

6. Flow Chart

7. Design Overview  Our balloon satellite worked by absorbing light through our filter, which filters out all light except ~560 +/- 5 nm wavelength light. The light then hits the light intensity to frequency IC and counts the particles every 1.044 seconds and the particle count information is stored on the Arduino Microcontroller.  Our changes from the proposal to the final design include changing our plan from measuring Earth’s magnetic field and detecting UV rays, to measuring muons with scintillators, and then finally to measuring airglow with a photomultiplier tube. We then revised our design further by measuring airglow with a light intensity to frequency IC instead of the photomultiplier tube.

8. Results & Analysis  The primary experiment onboard our satellite was unsuccessful.  The exact reason for its failure is currently unknown, although postflight testing indicates the problem may be within the IC itself.  Temperature readings from the HOBO may indicate that cooling of components played a role in that failure.  By increasing insulation and decreasing internal volume, we managed to keep the satellite at sustainable temperatures during a postflight cold test.

9. Results & Analysis Internal/External Temperature Data (During Flight) Launch Troposphere Tropopause Burst Stratosphere Tropopause Stratosphere Troposphere

10. Cold Test (Retest After Flight) Results & Analysis Finger touch Put in cooler Took out of cooler

11. Results & Analysis Relative Humidity Data (During Flight) Burst Landing Condensation Dissipates

12. Failure Analysis  Our sensor failed to provide meaningful data for the duration of the flight  Analysis:  No apparent correlation with the launch timeline  No apparent correlation with temperature or light  Later tests on the sensor proved it to be malfunctioning, but did not explain flight results  A sensor replacement will be necessary to ready the payload for reflight

13. Conclusions As we were unable to collect meaningful data on light intensities in the wavelengths of interest during the flight, we are unable to make any comment as to the presence or absence of daytime airglow in the upper atmosphere. The value of this experiment came more from discovering why we had failed and using that information to learn from our mistakes and correct those we could.

14. Appendix- Lessons Learned  What would you have done differently if you could do this over?  Would’ve asked more questions and gotten more help in the very beginning of the semester to make sure our experiment would work and is the right choice subsequently avoiding having to make a lot of changes later and losing a lot of time.  Agreed upon more “norms” of the group early on so everyone knows what to expect from each other and themselves in working with the team.  Do more testing with the experiments before launch.  What could you have done to get different results?  Weould have done more testing in different conditions and for longer time periods to better anticipate any problems that may happen during flight.  Add more insulation (for internal temperature control).

15. Appendix- Ready to Fly Again  How payload should be stored  Our payload needs to be stored in an environment that will not scratch the lens, or freeze the components.  How payload should be activated for flight  In order to activate our BalloonSAT for flight again the HOBO must be activated. Then the switches that power the other instruments must be flipped on to turn on the camera and our experiment and then the BalloonSAT is ready for flight.  Other  We also need to do more testing of the experiment to make sure our sensor is working correctly.

16. Appendix- RFP/Proposal/Requirement Compliance Matrix Level#DetailFromCompliant? Basic Requirements O1 The Satellite shall be launched to a height of 30km and be recovered after landing on November 6 MSYes O2The BalloonSat shall have a maximum mass of 850 grams.MSYes mass-830g O3 Budget is 300$MSYes O4The balloonsat shall take internal and external temperature readingsMSYes with Hobo O5 The ballonsat shall carry a camera that will take pictures every 20 seconds. MSYes O6The internal temperature shall not dip below -10 degrees CelsiusMS No-internal temp reached -25 O7The satellite shall carry a photomultiplier tube and filters to measure oxygen light emissions MSNo-a light frequency converter was used instead

17. Appendix- Level 1 Level 1 System Requirements Requirement Met? S1 The Balloonsat shall be attached to a weather balloon and have a hole through which the flight string will pass. O1Yes S2 The Balloonsat must be insulated and heated sufficiently enough to ensure the functionality of the payload and ensure that the internal temperature does not drop below -20C. O4/O6 Yes-all equipment functioned properly S4 The balloonsat shall not leak light so that only a certain wavelength is measured O7Yes S5 A HOBO data logger shall record internal and external temperature of the balloonsat O4Yes S6A mass budget and a monetary budget shall be created.O2,O3Yes S7A Canon A570IS Digital camera shall be flown.O5Yes S8 The BalloonSat shall carry enough power to operate for a specified period of time during the flight. O1Yes S9The balloon sat shall carry all necessary experimental equipmentO7Yes

18. Appendix- Level 2 Level 2 Subsystem Requirements SS1The BalloonSat shall be constructed of foam core and aluminum tapeS3Yes SS2Payload must be secured so damage does not occur during flight/landingS3Yes SS3 The photomultiplier tube shall be filtered by an optical lens in addition to a neutral density film to prevent oversaturation and misreadings S9 Yes-with the PMT replaced by light to frequency converter SS4A heating circuit shall be used with three 9V batteries.S2Yes SS5The balloonsat shall be insulated with insulation foamS2Yes SS6A magnifying circuit shall be used to amplify power for the PMTS8No, not necessary SS9An Arduino shall be flown to collect and store data from PMTS9Yes-however, the sensitivity was too high and the resultant data was unusable.

19. Appendix- Mass & Cost Summary PartDescriptionManufacturerSupplierDimensionsWeightCost S1A570IS camera and accessoriesCanonGTS45x75x90mm228gN/A S2HOBO data loggerOnset Inc.GTS68x48x19mm30gN/A S3Arduino Duemilanove and MicroSD shieldArduinoSparkfun70x53x6mm35g$44.90 S4Switches (2)unknownGTS10x20x20mm10gN/A P1Light to Frequency Converter and housingTaos semi.Sparkfun5x10x4mm63g$42.50 P26000mAh lithium batterygenericShennan30x4x75mm90gDonated P3560nm bandpass filterNewport OpticsCASA-APS25mm dia., 5mm long 20gDonated P4Neutral Density Filter, 20%UnknownCASA-APS25mm dia., 5mm long 20gDonated P6Filter mountN/A (PVC stock)Shennan25mm dia, 30mm long <5g$0.60 A1Foam BoardunknownGTS4mm, 1.3m 3 60gN/A A2Foam InsulationunknownGTS6mm, 0.8m 3 50gN/A A3Heating circuit, excl. batteriesunknownGTS10x50x50mm55gN/A A410 9V batteries (3 flight, 7 testing)DuracellMcGuckin’s48x25x1546g ea. (184g flight) $30.00 TCO 2 (s) (temperature testing)N/ASafeway’sN/A $5.00 Totals830g$274.35* A note on part codes (column 1): P: primary systems, S: secondary systems, A: Auxiliary/Structure, T: testing *includes “sunk cost” of parts for an earlier mission, detailed in DD Newport - 1-877-835-9620 SparkFun- 1-303-284-0979 McGuckin Hardware- 1-303-443-1822 Company Contact Info: *Final weight after preparing for reflight is 844 grams

20. Appendix- Message to Next Semester  Go into this class knowing you will be doing a lot of work outside of class, but you will also be learning an exceptional amount about engineering, science, and teamwork, all of which are very valuable for your college experience and career later in life. Plan ahead so you can make sure you are on track throughout the semester because it is easy to get behind with all of the work that needs to be done. Communicate with your team and be able to know how to utilize each other’s strengths and support them for their weaknesses and allow them to do the same with you. Most of all, have a blast, this is a great experience that few people will ever get to have!