1. Mr. Goff’s World History
Unit One: Geography
5 Themes of Geography

2. byod Bring Your own device
In small groups (3-4), use your electronic device(s) and define the following vocab. Words
Geography
Perspective
Landscape
Cartogrpahy
Meteorology
Region
Formal region
Functional region

3. 5 themes video clip

4. L.E.Q./ Objective What I should know
Lecture #1
What is geography
How are geography and history linked?
What are the two main branches in geography?
How Do We use geography ?

5. How are geography and history linked?
*Georgraphy – is the study of everything on Earth, from rocks and rainfall to people and places.

6. How do they link? The Link
By showing how people lived in different times and places, geographers have added to our knowledge of human history.

7. The 5 themes and six essential elements
1) Location – deals with the exact or relative spot of something on earth.
2) Place – physical and human features of a location.
3) Human-environmental – ways people and environments interrelate with and affect each other.
4) Movement – involved how people and things change locations and the effects of these changes.
5) Region – organizes earth into geographic areas with one or more shared characteristics.

8. Two main branches of geography

9. Who uses Geography??? We ____________ use geography everyday!
Use it to find places.
Where to locate places (like restaurants)
To locate girlfriend/boyfriend hangouts.
Use gps to find exactly where certain places are!!!

10. Sub fields of Geography
Cartography – the study of maps and mapmaking.
Meteorology – the study of ___________________.

11. How do we study Geography
Region – an area with one or more common features that make it different than surrounding areas.
Defined by their human and physical features.

12. Types of Regions: 3 basic ways
1) Formal regions – has one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas.
2) Functional Regions – different places that are linked together and function as a Unit.
Perceptual regions – regions that reflect human feelings and attitudes.

13. Example: Different people see the same place differently.
Examples
Formal region
Example: the sahel in Africa. This dry region lies between the sahara, a vast desert to the north, and wetter forested areas to the south
. Functional region
Example: A city transit system is a functional region. It includes many different places. However, the flow of people, trains, and buses link those places together.
Perception
Example: Different people see the same place differently.

14. assessment Create a dream town
Directions: describe the geography of your town. Where is it located? What are the people like? What is the landscape like? Is the weather consistent year round, or does it change?
Do not rush through this assignment. Use what you have learned today (vocabulary words and concepts) to complete this assignment.

15. Mr. Goff’s World History
Geography: Skill building
Using the Geographer’s tools

16. Warm Up
1. List a time when you’ve had to use a map, globe and or a gps.
2. In your opinion, how do maps help us in our everyday affairs?

17. Complete and turn in dream town assessment
L.E.Q. What I Should Know
How do geographers and mapmakers organize our world?
What kinds of special maps do geographers use?
How do geographers use climate graphs and population pyramids?

18. Globe

19. Organizing the Globe Globe – scale model of earth
Useful for looking at the whole planet or large areas of its land and water surfaces.
The pattern of lines makes a grid.
Latitude – drawn in an east-west direction.
Longitude – north south direction.

20. Continued
Latitude measure the distance north and south of the equator. Lines of latitude are also called parallels.
Lines of longitude are called meridians. Measure east and west of the prime meridian.
Both measured in degrees, degrees are further divided into minutes. 60 minutes in a degree.

21. Latitude and longitude

22. Hemispheres, Continents, Oceans
The equator divided the earth into hemispheres.
Prime Meridian and 180 meridian divide the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Also organized into 7 continents.
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America.
Asia is the larges and Australia is the smallest.
Greenland is the world’s largest island.

23. maps

24. Making Maps
______ are flat representations of all or part of Earth’s surface.
A collection of maps in one book is called an atlas.
Different ways of representing the round earth on a flat map. These are called map projections. True sized of continents and bodies of water are not shown on all maps.

25. Great Circle Route
Drawing a straight line on a flat map will not show the shortest route between two places.
Shortest route between two places on the planet is called a great circle route.

26. Map Projections
Cylindrical projections – are designed like a cylinder has been wrapped around the globe. A mercator map is an example of this. Helps navigators because it shows true direction and shape. Landmasses at high latitudes are exaggerated in size.
Conic Projections – are designed as if a cone has been placed over the globe. Accurate where the lines of latitude where it touches the globe.
Flat-plane globes – touch the globe at one point. Shows true direction for planes and ships.

27. Conic map and flat plane

28. Understanding Map Elements
Scale – the size of an area and the level of detail that is shown. Maps show large or small areas.

29. Distance Scales
Direction scales Shows the real distance between two places on a map.

30. Directional Indicators
Directional indicators - Shows which direction on a map is north south east or west.
Some mapmakers use a “north arrow,” which points toward the North pole.
compass rose – has arrows that point to all four principal directions.

31. Legends
Legends - Identifies the symbols on a map and what they represent.

32. Climate graphs and population pyramids
Climate graphs show the average temperatures and precipitation in one graph.
Along the left side of the climate graph is a range of temperatures. Right side is an average amount of precipitation.
A population pyramid – shows the average amount of males and females by age group in a country’s population.

33. Please Write Answers on Your Own Paper
Identify the maps
Handouts with maps
Please Write Answers on Your Own Paper

34. Unit Test review On a separate sheet of paper, explain the following terms by using them correctly in sentences.
Geography, cartography, region, formal region, functional region, perceptual region, equator, prime meridian, continents and atlas.

35. Map assessment name each continent use. Pg
Map assessment name each continent use. Pg in history book Color map

36. Geography Review Understanding Main Ideas
1. What are two main branches in the study of geography?
2. what are the 5 themes of geography?
3. What are the 6 kinds of special-purpose maps?