1. Midterm Reminder Date: Next Wed., Oct. 22 Based on lectures o 3 parts  1st: matching/short answer; 2 nd : 2 paragraph answer; 3 rd : 1 essay o Material to know  Social-historical background to the HB  Basic composition of the HB  Basic plotline of the HB  JEDP theory and criticisms  Lectures on Genesis  Lectures on Exodus—Deuteronomy  Lectures on Early/Former Prophets

2. Last day in 2201... Exodus o Miraculous deliverance from Egypt Revelation of the Torah at Sinai Wilderness wandering o Complaint/rebellion—provision/discipline Balaam...

3. Inheriting the Promise: Exodus, Law, and Covenant The Bizarre Story of Balaam (Numbers 22-24) Israel is a divinely blessed nation God’s blessing of Israel is irrevocable God cannot be bribed to turn against Israel God is sovereign over the actions of his people God protects Israel from curses

4. Inheriting the Promise: Exodus, Law, and Covenant Balaam’s Reluctant Blessing (Numbers 22-24) They cannot be cursed by God: 23:8 God is with them and protects them: 23:21-23 God will exalt their king and kingdom: 24:7; 24:17-19 They are conduits of divine blessing: 24:9

5. Deuteronomy: The Book of the Covenant “Deuteronomy” means “second law” Definition of “covenant” o “An arrangement intended to establish a permanent relationship between two parties based on a solemn obligation undertaken by one or both parties.” God’s relationship with Israel is characterized as a covenant relationship

6. Deuteronomy: The Book of the Covenant Israel’s covenant is parallel to ANE vassal treaties (treaty between a great king and a lesser king) o Greater king promises his protection o Lesser king promises his obedience/allegiance

7. Deuteronomy: The Book of the Covenant Elements of an ANE Vassal Treaty o Historical Prologue  History of the relationship between the parties: typically, what the greater king has done for the lesser o Stipulations  Covenantal obligations of the lesser party o Witnesses  Swearing or oath-taking in the name of deities to intensify covenant obligations o Sanctions  List of blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience

8. Deuteronomy: The Book of the Covenant ANE Vassal Treaty Elements in Deuteronomy o Historical Prologue  Deuteronomy 1-4 o Stipulations  Deuteronomy 12-26 o Witnesses  Swearing by “heaven and earth,” (4:26; 30:19; 31:28) o Sanctions  Deuteronomy 28-29

9. Deuteronomy: An Overview Narrative Setting: 1:1-3 Moses’ First Speech: Remember the Past— What God has Done for You (chaps. 1-4) o The appointment of leaders o The account of the spying out the Land  Their unbelief; the subsequent rebellion; and the consequent punishment of wilderness wandering o Conclusion: 4:1-9

10. Deuteronomy: An Overview Moses’ Second Speech: Remember the Law—What God has Given You (chaps. 4-11) o To worship and serve God alone and not idols o To love and obey God according to the Law o The Ten Commandments vs. The Ten Commandments Legal Stipulations (chaps. 12-26) o Worship o Dietary o Festivals o Temple o Civil o Moral

11. The Exodus Ten vs. The Deuteronomy Ten Exodus 20 Setting: Mt. Sinai Purpose: establish covenant Sabbath o “Remember” o “Animals” o Observance tied to creation Honouring Parents: to ensure long life in the Land Deuteronomy 5 Setting: East of the Jordan Purpose: renew covenant Sabbath o “Observe” o “Ox, donkey, animals” o “So that your servants may rest like you” o Observance tied to the exodus Honouring Parents: to ensure long life and prosperity in the Land

12. The Exodus Ten vs. The Deuteronomy Ten Exodus 20 Coveting o Neighbour’s house o His wife Subsequent laws o Prohibition of idolatry o Altar Guidelines Deuteronomy 5 Coveting o Neighbour’s wife o His house o His land Subsequent laws o The Shema

13. The Exodus Ten vs. The Deuteronomy Ten Accounting for the Differences Two different social-historical circumstances o Exodus: Earlier: 14 th Covenant being established Not in the Land o Deuteronomy: later time Later: 7 th BCE Covenant being renewed (cf. Shema) In the Land (cf. coveting; parents)

14. Deuteronomy Overview continued Covenantal Sanctions (chaps. 27-29) o Curses for disobedience o Blessings for obedience Renewing the Covenant (chaps. 30-31): 30:10- 15 Mosaic Blessing upon Israel (chaps. 31-33) Moses’ Death (chap. 34)

15. The Early/Former Prophets Composition of the Early/Former Prophets Deuteronomistic History (DH) o The theory that the book of Deuteronomy was written as part of and belongs with the history that follows the Pentateuch, viz., the books of Joshua—Kings (minus Ruth), rather than the so- called books of Moses (Genesis—Numbers).  Deuteronomy is the preface for Joshua—Kings o DH was written during the Babylonian exile

16. The Early/Former Prophets Rationale for DH Evidence for Deuteronomy belonging with what follows (Josh—Kings) rather than what precedes it (Gen—Num) o Contradictions between laws in Deuteronomy and corresponding laws in Exodus & Numbers; e.g.:  Deut 14:28-29 vs. Num 18:21, 24  Deut 15:19-21 vs. Num 18:14

17. The Early/Former Prophets Rationale for DH More evidence for Deuteronomy belonging with what follows rather than what precedes o Reference to Israel having a king: Deut 17:14-20 o A Deuteronomic tone can be heard in the various speeches throughout Josh-Kings  Joshua 1; 23  1 Samuel 12  2 Samuel 7  1 Kings 8  2 Kings 17; 21

18. The Early/Former Prophets Evidence for the Compositional Unity of Joshua— Kings o Linguistic connections between Joshua and Judges  Josh 15:15-19; cf. Judg 1:11-15  Josh 15:63; cf. Judg 1:21  Josh 17:12-13; cf. Judg 1:27-28  Josh 24:29-31; cf. Judg 2:6-9  Josh 6:26; cf. 1 Kgs 16:34 o Linguistic connections between Judges and Samuel  1 Sam 1:1: “There was a man”, cf. Judg 17:1, 7; 19:1  1 Sam 1:1: “The hill country of Ephraim”, cf. Judg 17:1, 7; 18:2, 13; 19:1, 11 (cf. Josh 17:15; 21:21)

19. The Early/Former Prophets Evidence for the Lateness of DH o Deut 34:10-12 presupposes a long period of time between Moses and these words o “To this day” references in Joshua—Kings o Book of Jashar reference: Josh 10:13; cf. 2 Sam 1:17-18