1. America’s Empire

2. Section 1 ALCOS: 3.1, 3.4 Objectives  Students will identify the key factors that prodded America to expand.  Students will be able to explain how the United States took its first steps toward increased global power  Students will be able to summarize the chain of events leading up to the US annexation of Hawaii

3. Imperialism A policy of extending power and influence on other countries through diplomacy of military force Lack of frontier limits growth  Forced to look elsewhere for new lands

4. William McKinley ( R ) William Jennings Bryan ( D ) Front porch campaign  Had more money for campaign than Bryan Gold standard Eager to maintain peace Populist Cross of Gold Speech RR Regulation Bimetalism High Energy Election of 1896

5. 1896 Democratic National Convention “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify them upon a cross of gold”

6. McKinley Bryan Election of 1896

7. William McKinley ( R ) William Jennings Bryan ( D ) Front porch campaign  Had more money for campaign than Bryan Gold standard Eager to maintain peace Pop Vote: 7,112,138 Electoral Vote: 271 Populist Cross of Gold Speech RR Regulation Bimetalism High Energy Pop Vote: 6,508,172 Electoral Vote: 176 Election of 1896

8. William McKinley ( R 1897-1901) Vice President  1897-1900 – Garret Hobart, 1901 – Theodore Roosevelt Foreign Affairs  Increased global presence  Hawaii & Alaska  Expansionist Congress  Spanish American War Assassinated  September 6, 1901

9. Imperial Competition European nations compete for new lands  Africa  China  Japan joined competition for China Wanted to industrialize United States  Manifest Destiny  Wanted stronger military

10. Growth of Military Alfred T. Mahan  Pushed for a stronger Navy  Built 9 steel hulled cruisers between 1893-1890  Construction of modern battleships Great White Fleet  Created under Theodore Roosevelt

11. Great White Fleet

12. Sewards Folly William Seward  Sec of State under Lincoln and Johnson 1867 arranges for US to purchase Alaska from Russia  $7.2 million  Approximately 2 cents an acre 1959 Alaska becomes a US State

13. Annexation of Hawaii Sovereign nation  Queen “Lil” Liliuokalani American businessmen move to Hawaii  Set up sugar plantations 1875 US sets up free sugar trade with Hawaii  McKinley Tariff (1890) threatens this US Businessmen revolt Annexed 1897  Statehood August 12, 1898

14. Queen Liliuokalani

15. Section 2 ALCOS: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.6 Objectives  Students will understand the causes of the Spanish-American War  Students will identify the major battles of the war  Students will be able to describe the consequences of the war, including debate over imperialism

16. Cuba Spanish Colony 1854 US proposes to buy Cuba from Spain 1868, 1878 native Cubans rebel against Spain  Leads to end of Cuban slavery, US invest in sugar plantations Cuba Libre!  “Free Cuba”  Jose Marti Launches revolution 1895 Wanted to provoke US involvement  Many in US want government to step in

17. Cry for War General Valeriano Weyler  Sent from Spain to restore order  300,000 Cubans sent into concentration camps Yellow Journalism  Hearst v. Pulitzer  Sensational writing  Exaggerated information  Enrages readers Congress  Wanted to expand US lands De Lôme Letter

18. Yellow Journalism

20. De Lôme Letter Enrique Dupuy de Lôme  Spanish minister to US  Wrote private letter criticizing McKinley New York Journal  Publishes letter  Called McKinley “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd” Americans become furious at Spain

21. U.S.S. Maine U.S.S. Maine sent to Cuba February 15, 1898 ship explodes in the Havana harbor Newspapers claim it was an attack by Spain  Hearst offers a $5o,000 reward for capture of those responsible Explosion was an accident, not an attack “Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!” April 20, 1898 US declares war on Spain

22. USS Maine

23. USS Maine Wreckage

24. Spanish-American War 4 month long conflict US Naval forces superior  Army full of volunteers and under supplied Philippines  Spanish colony near Asia  US attacks Spanish fleet at Manila  Led by Commodore George Dewey  US join with Filipino rebels Caribbean  US sets up naval blockade of Cuba  Admiral William T. Sampson

25. War in Philippines Map

26. War in Cuba Map

27. Rough Riders Group of American volunteer cavalry  Led by Theodore Roosevelt  Former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Aided by two African American regiments San Juan Hill  Important strategic location  Blocked by Kettle Hill  Rough Riders lead an uphill charge to take the hill  Clears way for infantry to take San Juan Hill

28. Rough Riders

29. Rough Rider Roosevelt

30. What is the treat that ended the Spanish- American War? ANSWER: Treaty of Paris 1898

31. Treaty of Paris December 10, 1898  Fighting ends with a cease-fire August 12, 1898 Cuba freed from Spain US gains Spanish territories  Guam, Puerto Rico Sells the Philippines to US for $20 million Controversial in the US  Issue of imperialism  Is it right for the US to annex the Philippines?  Booker T. Washington wanted race relations solved first  Samuel Gompers feared it could take away American jobs

32. Section 3 ALCOS: 3.7 Objectives  Students will examine the causes and consequences of the Philippine insurrection  Students will analyze the effects of the Open Door Policy  Students will be able to describe how the United States dealt with the rising power of Japan

33. New American Lands Puerto Rico, Cuba, The Philippines, Guam

34. Puerto Rico Puerto Ricans divided over whether they want  Independence  Statehood  Remain territory with local self government Under US military control  Ends with Foraker Act  Sets up a civil government

35. Cuba US Protectorate of Cuba Teller Amendment  US would not take over any part of Cuba Occupied by American forces after the war  Many Spanish administrators remained in power  Helped restore the country, improve sanitation Platt Amendment  US would manage Cuban foreign affairs, budget, ect from afar  Reluctantly adopted by Cuba in 1903, lasted 31 years American Business  Invested in sugar, tobacco, and mining

36. The Philippines Upset at being annexed Emilio Aguinaldo leads fight against US Philippine-American War  US divides Filipinos into designated zones  African Americans make up most of US forces there  20,000 Filipinos killed  4,o00 Americans killed  Rebellion lasted 3 years and cost the US $400 million US sets up government similar to Puerto Rico  Become independent July 4, 1946

37. Foreign Affairs in China “Sick man of Asia”  European countries setting up along Chinese coast  US feared it would be shut out John Hay  US Secretary of State  Open Door notes (1899)  Called for open trade with China between the other imperialist nations Boxer Rebellion 2 nd Open Door Notes  US would safeguard for the world equal trade with all of China

38. Boxer Rebellion Chinese fed up with Western presence in China  Secret groups formed to rid China of Westerners Boxers kill hundreds of Europeans and missionaries August 1900 US, Germany, France, Italy, Britain, and Japan send troops in to put down rebellion  Thousands of Boxers killed

39. Chinese Boxers

40. Evolution of American Foreign Policy Growth of the US economy depended on exports US had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open Believed the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideals threatened US survival United States now a leader of imperialism  Anti-Imperialist League  Included Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and Mark Twain  Felt the US was wrong for trying to others without their consent

41. William McKinley ( R ) William Jennings Bryan ( D ) Adds Theodore Roosevelt as Vice President Pop Vote: 7,228,864 Electoral Vote: 292 Low Tariff Tax Reform Pop Vote: 6,371,932 Electoral Vote: 155 Election of 1900

42. McKinley Assassinated Shot September 6, 1901  Shot twice in the chest  Operations successful  Gangrene sets in Died September 14, 1901 Leon Czolgosz  Anarchist  Electric chair

43. Section 4 ALCOS: Objectives  Students will examine what happened to Puerto Rico and Cuba after the Spanish-American War  Students will analyze the effects of Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy  Students will compare Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” with the foreign policies of his predecessors