1. 5A and 5B: Waves

2. and Wave – a wiggle in space and time For example: light and sound *A wave exists over space and time**

3. Transverse Wave Midpoint (Equilibrium)

4. Parts of a Transfers Wave Crest (high point) Trough (low point)

5. Amplitude - distance from midpoint to crest or trough

6. Wavelength ( ) – distance from one crest (trough) to the next

7. Frequency (f) how frequently a vibration occurs (# of crests per second) vibrations per second

8. Heinrich Hertz The unit of frequency is the Hertz. 1 vibration per second = 1 Hertz

9. Frequency/wavelength relationship If frequency and pitch go then wavelength goes

10. 25.3 Wave Motion Sound and light waves move. As waves move, matter is NOT passed along them. Movement of energy, not material

11. For example: When you create a wave with a rope, it is the disturbance that moves along the rope, not the rope itself.

12. 25.6 Longitudinal Wave The energy compresses and expands along a straight path. Place a slinky on the ground and try to push and pull it. Sound waves are longitudinal or compression waves.

13. 25.7 Interference Interference pattern: patterns formed when waves overlap

14. 2 types of interference: 1.constructive (adding)– reinforcing interference when waves align at the crests and troughs **individual effects are increased**

15. Constructive Interference- the result would be a larger wave

16. 2.Destructive (subtracting)– cancellation interference when the crest of one wave aligns with the trough of another **their individual effects are reduced**

17. Destructive Interference- the result would be a flat line

18. Sound Waves Sound travels MUCH slower than light EX: lightening and thunder The speed of sound at room temperature is  340 m/s

19. Natural frequency – amount of vibration in a certain time (frequency) that an object naturally tends to vibrate

20. Resonance – a phenomenon that occurs when an object reaches its natural frequency (from another source) EX: marching over bridges, opera singer breaking a glass by singing

21. Light waves are transverse waves. Polarization – the filtering out of all vibrations in a certain direction- only letting waves in a certain direction get through Reflection – bouncing off (flat surface parallel to H2O) Refraction – penetrating (goes through) (flat surface perpendicular to H2O)

22. Reflection – bouncing off ex: mirrors, echos Refraction – penetrating (goes through), changes the way things look as they travel through materials of different densities. Ex: straw in water, heat waves along a highway