1. Early American Industrialization & the National Economy Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School

2. Transportation Revolution

3. By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA

4. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

5. Erie Canal System

6. Begun in 1817; completed in 1825 Erie Canal, 1820s

7. 1807: The Clermont Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

8. Principal Canals in 1840

9. Inland Freight Rates

10. Clipper Ships

11. 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.] The Iron Horse Wins! (1830)

12. Immigrant labor built the No. RRs. Slave labor built the So. RRs. The Railroad Revolution-1850s

14. Americans were willing to try anything. Americans were willing to try anything. They were first copiers, then innovators. They were first copiers, then innovators. 1800  41 patents approved. 1860  4,357 Resourcefulness & Experimentation

15. Invented on Nathanael Greene’s Plantation Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

16. Interchangeable Parts Rifle Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

17. Oliver Evans First prototype of the locomotive First automated flour mill

18. John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

19. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

20. 1840 – Telegraph Samuel F. B. Morse

21. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

22. 1840s Sewing Machine Elias Howe & Isaac Singer

23. They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears. The “American Dream”

25. The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790, it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104. Boom/Bust Cycles: 1790-1860

26. Distribution of Wealth During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population. During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population. 1845 Boston: top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. 1845 Boston: top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. 1860 Philadelphia: top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. 1860 Philadelphia: top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. The gap between rich and poor was widening! The gap between rich and poor was widening! Understand: DO NOT COPY

27. Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”)

28. Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814 The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant

29. Lowell in 1850

30. Lowell Mill

31. Early Textile Loom

32. New England Textile Centers: 1830s

33. New England Dominance in Textiles

34. Starting for Lowell

35. What was their typical “profile?” Lowell Girls

36. What was boardinghouse life like? Lowell Boarding Houses

37. Lowell Mills Time Table

38. Early “Union” Newsletter

39. February 20, 1845 issue. The Factory Girl’s Garland

40. Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

41. Workingman’s Party (1829) * Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City. Early unions were usually local, social, and weak. The Early Union Movement

43. EAST  Industrial SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket” Regional Specialization

44. American Population Centers in 1820

45. American Population Centers in 1860

46. Why now? National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 POTATOFAMINE

47. Know- Nothing Party: “The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner” Know- Nothing Party: “The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner”

48. Changing Occupation Distributions: 1820 - 1860

49. ECONOMIC? SOCIAL? POLITICAL? FUTURE PROBLEMS?