1. Ecology part 1

2. 1. What is the study of interactions between organisms and the environment?
Ecology

3. 2. Define biotic factor and give 2 examples.
-Living (or once living) organisms
-trees/plants
-animals/humans

4. 3.Define abiotic factor and give 2 examples.
-nonliving parts of the environment
-metal
-plastic

5. 4.What is the area an organism live in called?
habitat

6. 5.What is another word for “role” of an organism? Give 2 examples.
-niche
-food gathering
-protection

7. 6.Put the 6 levels of organization in order from smallest to largest and define each.
ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
population
organism

8. 7.What 4 factors can affect an ecosystem?
-climate change
-human activity
-change in population size
-intro. Of nonnative species

9. 8.What is the total sum of the variety of organisms in a biosphere called?
biodiversity

10. 9.What 4 things can affect the previous answer?
-alteration in habitat
-hunting species to extinction
-introducing poisons/toxins
-introducing nonnative species

11. 10.What is the # of various habitats, communities and ecological process in the world?
Ecosystem diversity

12. 11.What is the definition of species diversity?
The variety of species in an area
Woodland B

13. 12. Define genetic diversity?
The total sum of ALL of
the genes in the world

14. 13. What are the 2 types of relationships between organisms?
-Predator-Prey
-Symbiosis

15. 14. Which one is + for one organism but – because it results in death?
Predator-prey

16. 15. Define symbiosis and list the 3 types.
-close & permanent relationship between 2 organisms (no killing)
-mutualism
-commensalism
-parasitism

17. 16. What type of symbiosis is a win-win (++) relationship
16. What type of symbiosis is a win-win (++) relationship? Give 2 examples.
-mutualism
-Egyptian bird & Nile crocodile
-Bees & flowers

18. 17. What type of symbiosis is beneficial for one organism, but doesn’t bother the other (+0)? Give 2 examples.
-commensalism
-Barnacles on a whale
-clown fish and anemone

19. 18. What type of symbiosis is harmful (not directly deadly) for one organism and beneficial for the other (+-)? Give 2 examples.
-parasitism
-flea and dog
-tapeworm in humans

20. 19. What does an autotroph make?
Its own food

21. 20. What is another word for autotroph and basically who are autotrophs?
-producer
-plants

22. 21. What is another word for consumer and where do they get their food?
-heterotrophs
-feeding on other organisms

23. 22. Heterotrophs that eat:
Only plants- herbivores
Only animals- carnivores
Both animals and plants- omnivores

24. 23. Animals that feed on dead animal bodies are known as
scavengers or detritivores
two examples are vultures and hyenas.

25. 24. What are organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms? Give 2 and examples.
-Decomposers
-bacteria
-fungi

26. 25. What shows only one path of energy flow?
Food chain

27. 26. What shows ALL possible energy relationships?
Food web

28. 27. Why are food webs more informational than food chains?
They represent nature better than food chains (several feeding relationships)

29. 28. What is ALWAYS at the beginning of both food chains and food webs?
Producers/autotrophs

30. 29. What are the most vital parts of the food web?
Producers and decomposers

31. 30. What are the levels starting with primary?
primary to secondary to tertiary

32. 31. What are the steps called?
Trophic level

33. 32. What do arrows show? What don’t they show?
-direction of energy flow
-what an organism eats

34. 33. What shows the amount of energy passed on in the food chain?
Energy pyramid

35. 34. Comparatively, is more energy stored in the organism or lost as heat?
More is lost in heat

36. 35. __% of energy is passed to the next level and __% is lost to heat and the environment.
10%
90%

37. 36. If there is 100 grams of energy at the primary level, approximately, how much is going to be available at the secondary level?
10grams

38. 37. Where on the pyramid is the energy the MOST plentiful?
Producer/bottom