1. Water Resources Challenges in Illinois

2. On Children Your children are not your children. They are the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself. They come through you but not from you, And though they are with you yet they belong not to you. You may give them your love but not your thoughts, For they have their own thoughts. You may house their bodies but not their souls, For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams. You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them like you. For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday. You are the bows from which your children as living arrows are sent forth. Kahlil Gibran

3. The world depends on water...

4. If all the earth’s water were fit into a gallon jug, the available fresh water would be equal to just over a tablespoon, less than 0.5% of the total Source: National Geographic Special Edition: Water: The Power, Promise, and Turmoil of North America's Fresh Water (Volume 184, Number 5A)

5. Future challenges Goldewijk (2008) (http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/food-crisis/(http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/food-crisis/) Jenkins and Ferrier, 2009 (http://images.pennnet.com/articles/wwi/cap/cap_water%20climate %2001.gif(http://images.pennnet.com/articles/wwi/cap/cap_water%20climate %2001.gif)

6. Climate Change

7. Climate change Source: Davis (2010), Science Source: IPCC (2007) Source: http://www.whrc.org/resources/primer_fundamentals.html

8. Potential Impacts of Climate Change Source: Stern Review, 2008 (http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/projected-impacts-of-climate-change)http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/projected-impacts-of-climate-change

9. Sea Level Rise and water resources o Global average sea level will rise between 0.3 and 2.9 feet (0.09 to 0.88 meters) in the next century. o Increasing temperatures are likely to lead to changes in precipitation. Extreme Storms o Climate change has the potential to alter the prevalence and severity of extremes such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts. (Source: IPCC, 2001) Potential Impacts of Climate Change

10. Ecosystems and Biodiversity o Climate change has the potential to alter ecosystems and the many resources and services they provide to each other and to society. Health o Extreme temperatures (hot or cold) can directly lead to loss of life, while climate-related disturbances in ecological systems, such as changes in the range of disease-carrying insects, can impact the incidence of infectious diseases. Potential Impacts of Climate Change

11. Agriculture and Food Supply o Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate variability and weather extremes. Global Economic Activity o The economic effects of climate change could be as high as 20% of global GDP each year. (Stern, 2007) Potential Impacts of Climate Change

12. Vulnerabilities of water resources Observational records and climate projections provide abundant evidence that freshwater resources are vulnerable and have the potential to be strongly impacted by climate change, with wide-ranging consequences for human societies and ecosystems. (IPCC, 2008)

13. Water Quality

14. HYPOXIA

15. http://the-mound-of- sound.blogspot.com/2013/08/how-agri- business-is-poisoning-our.html

16. Extent of Gulf Hypoxia, 2010

17. N. Rabalais, LUMCON AREA, GULF OF MEXICO HYPOXIC ZONE Long term Average Action Plan Goal

19. Nutrient contributions to the Gulf, by State

20. 1849-1850, 1855 Congress passes Swamp Land Acts Illinois 1,460,164 acres

21. A swamp at the mountain's base, Pollutes all that has yet been gained; To drain this pestiferous place, Is still the goal to be attained.

23. Estimates of prairie acreage, 1820 and 1976, for counties in east-central Illinois Source: Changing Illinois Environment: Critical Trends, 1994.

24. Wetland Values and Functions Flood Flow Storage and Attenuation Recreation Fish and Shellfish Habitat Uniqueness/Heritage Groundwater Recharge/Discharge Wildlife Habitat Production Export (Nutrient)Visual Quality/Aesthetics Nutrient Removal/Transformation Educational/Scientific Value Threatened or Endangered Species Habitat Sediment/Toxicant/Pathogen Retention Sediment/Shoreline Stabilization http://www.utahwatersheds.com/resources/PPT/Wetland_Deliniation.pptx

25. 1985, 1990 Congress Passes Food Security Act and Amendments with “Swampbuster” Provisions

26. Swampbuster Provisions http://www.utahwatersheds.com/resources/PPT/Wetland_Deliniation.pptx The Wetland Conservation provision (Swampbuster) of the 1985 and 1990 farm bills requires all agricultural producers to protect the wetlands on the farms they own or operate if they want to be eligible for USDA farm program benefits. Producers will not be eligible if they plant an agricultural commodity on a converted wetland that was converted by drainage, leveling, or any other means after December 23, 1985, or convert a wetland for the purpose of or to make agricultural commodity production possible after November 28, 1990.

27. Restoration of Flood Plains and Wetlands

28. Wetlands can be used for recreation and wildlife habitat

29. W/W Ratio (%) 0.572.162.25 Nitrate Removal (%) 286878 Crumpton, Kovacic, Hey, Kostel Potential of Restored and Constructed Wetlands to Reduce Nutrient Export from Agricultural Watersheds in the Corn Belt

30. Self-sustaining Ditches

32. Compound Channels Natural channels often have a main channel and an overbank section. Main Channel Overbank Section Ward Uniform Open Channel Flow

33. Hansen, Wilson, Magner, Nieber Geomorphic Characteristics of Drainage Ditches in Southern Minnesota, and the concept of a Two-Stage Ditch Design

34. Hansen, Wilson, Magner, Nieber Geomorphic Characteristics of Drainage Ditches in Southern Minnesota, and the concept of a Two-Stage Ditch Design

39. Drainage System Layout

40. System Layout

41. Cost Differential: $50/acre

43. Invasive Species 5 invasive species (3 animals, 2 plants)