1. Carbon Chemistry CO 2 CH 2 O CH 4 oxidizedreduced low energyhigh energy chemistry of life chemistry of the earth

2. CO 2 + H 2 O CH 2 O + O 2 photosynthesis respiration organic carbon burial atmospheric O 2

3. Organic carbon on Earth Kerogen Minable coal Oil Gas Clathrates 1,200,000 5,000 200 300 5,000 Gton C

4. Natural Carbon Cycle

5. 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 195519651975198519952005 A t m o s p h e r i c p C O 2, p p m A t m o s p h e r i c p C O 2, p p m Year Mauna Loa, Hawaii Barrow, Alaska

6. 300 250 200 C O 2 ( p p m ) -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2  T, C 0100200300400 Age (kyr BP) 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 M e t h a n e ( p p m )

7. Oil Distribution

8. Oil Reserve/Production

9. Hubbert’s Peak

10. Sperm Oil Hubbert

11. 0 1 2 3 4 1900195020002050 U.S. Oil Production B i l l i o n B a r r e l s p e r y e a r 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 G t o n C p e r y e a r U.S. Oil Hubbert

12. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 19001950200020502100 World Oil Production Hubbert Peaks 200Gton C eventual 500Gton C eventual 117Gton C already extracted B i l l i o n b a r r e l s p e r y e a r Year World Oil Hubbert

13. Methane hydrates

14. Clathrate Sensitivity to Temperature 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 -4-20246 S t e a d y S t a t e M e t h a n e I n v e n t o r y, G t o n C Ocean Temperature, Offset from Present Day Coal Oil/Gas LGM Today Future?

15. Energy

16. U.S. Energy

17. Energy Consumption Per Person 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 k i l o W a t t s 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 G l o b a l U. S. F r a n c e D e n m a r k J a p a n C h i n a I n d i a B r a z i l t e r a W a t t s Energy Consumption 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Energy Consumption per DollarGDP W a t t s

18. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 GasOilCoal Carbon Emission per Energy Yield G t o n C p e r t e r a W a t t

19. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Carbon released per person m e t r i c t o n s 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 G l o b a l U. S. F r a n c e D e n m a r k J a p a n C h i n a I n d i a B r a z i l Carbon per dollarGDP k i l o g r a m s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B i l l i o n m e t r i c t o n s ( G t o n ) Carbon release inCO 2 per year

20. Climate

21. Long Lifetime of CO 2

22. 800 Kyr Before Present I n s o l a t i o n, W / m 2 I c e V o l u m e i 0 Trigger-minima Red = Trigger-minima events

23. C r i t i c a l I n s o l a t i o n i 0, W / m 2 pCO 2 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 100200300400500600

24. b

27. SOLUTION: LUNAR SOLAR POWER SYSTEM SUN SENDS 13,000 TWs OF RELIABLE SOLAR POWER TO LUNAR SURFACE BASES ON MOON CONVERT SOLAR POWER TO MICROWAVE BEAMS BEAMS DELIVER POWER TO RECTENNAS -Safe (<20% of sunlight) -Reliable (through clouds, rain, smoke, etc.) RECTENNAS ON EARTH -Convert beams to electricity -Deliver electricity to power grid

28. Carbon Sequestration