1. Darwin in 1840, after his return from the voyage Darwin’s Big Idea Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

3. The Voyage of the Beagle © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Figure 22.9 Brussels sprouts Kale Selection for leaves Selection for axillary (side) buds Selection for apical (tip) bud Cabbage Broccoli Kohlrabi Wild mustard Selection for stems Selection for flowers and stems

10. "I am almost convinced (quite contrary to the opinion I started with) that species are not (it is like confessing to a murder) immutable." Charles Darwin, in a letter to Joseph Hooker (January, 1844)

11. Figure 22.UN02 Observations Individuals in a population vary in their heritable characteristics. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. Individuals that are well suited to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals. Inferences and Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population.

13. Figure 22.2 1809 1798 1812 1795 1830 1790 1809 1831  36 1844 1859 1870 Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution. Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.” Hutton proposes his principle of gradualism. Charles Darwin is born. Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle. The Galápagos Islands Darwin writes his essay on descent with modification. On the Origin of Species is published. While studying species in the Malay Archipelago, Wallace (shown in 1848) sends Darwin his hypothesis of natural selection. 1858 Cuvier publishes his extensive studies of vertebrate fossils. Lyell publishes Principles of Geology.

15. Important Notes Individuals do not evolve; populations evolve over time Natural selection can only increase or decrease heritable traits that vary within a population Natural selection does not create new traits, but edits or selects for traits already present in the population Adaptations vary with different environments Local environments determine which traits will be selected for or selected against in any specific population Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence New discoveries continue to fill the gaps identified by Darwin in The Origin of Species © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.