1. 1 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa Considerations on readout plane IC Area (die size) 1-2 mm 2 /channel Shaping amplifier 0.2 mm 2 ADC0.6 mm 2 (estimate) Digital processor0.6 mm 2 (estimate) in the following we consider the case of 1.5mm 2 / channel 64 ch / chip  ~ 100 mm 2 Area of the chip on the PCB: 14 x 14 mm 2 / chip  ~ 3 mm 2 / pad PCB dimensions < 40 x 40 cm 2  ~53000 pads, ~800 FE chips / board

2. 2 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa PCB topology and layer stack-up Pad layer Pad signals routing det gnd Digital signals I gnd vdd Digital signals II gnd 8-layer PCB Considerations on readout plane Analogue PWR planes Digital PWR planes amplifiers ADCs Digital Processing Chip floorplan Flip-chip mounted PCB

3. 3 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa Considerations on readout plane Power consumption amplifier 8 mW / channel ADC30 mW / channel Digital Proc 4 mW / channel Power regulation and links 10 mW / channel duty cycle:1% average power / channel ~ 0.5 mW / channel average power / m 2 167 W

4. 4 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa Considerations on readout plane Readout Board power delivery network Large storage capacitors RO CHIP VRM can be turned off ON/OFF Model used to evaluate the impedance of the local power delivery network Impedance (W) versus frequency for the local power delivery network connected to the RO chip through a power plane with zero inductance. High optimization of local decoupling network is required

5. 5 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa 121 FEE Cards TPC Low Voltage Distribution Scheme 115A max DIGITAL ANALOGUE DIGITAL Bus Bar pair (positive + return line) Bus Bar pair 40m Wiener power supplies Analogue 4.0 60 60100 Digital3.3133194200 Voltage on load (V) I stdby (A) I max (A) Bus bar Section (mm2) Bus Bar description TPC endplate What is the transient response of the bus bar? R = 2 x 6.8 m  V = 816mV R = 2 x 3.4 m  V = 1.32V L ~ 11  H

6. 6 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa Regulator 100 µF 1 µF Power Supply 10 × 100 nF ALTRO 4  s peaking time Standby power (15A /  s) 60A Dynamic Digital Current Consumption 3.3V2.5V

7. 7 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa Regulator 100 µF 1 µF Power Supply 10 × 100 nF ALTRO 100  s peaking time Standby power Dynamic Digital Current Consumption (0.6A /  s) 60A 3.3V2.5V

8. 8 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa C R Test Configurations Configuration A:R =  C=0 Configuration B: R=25m  C=0; Configuration C: R=25m  C=70mF Configuration D: R =  C=70mF Test setup I Load time II T High 40m Wiener PL500  160mm 2 multi-strand copper bar Electronic Load HP6050A – 6050B V PS V Load I h=1cm  = 2.1  10 -8  m L = 11  H

9. 9 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa 62.6V 0.8ms 680mV  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 60 100 4 10 Test Parameters Measurement 1 (configuration A ) A sudden interruption of the current can damage the Front End Cards !

10. 10 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 41.6 100 4 10 Test Parameters A current swing of 41.6A produces a transient voltage of ~1.8V 480mV 1.28V 0.78V Measurement 2 (configuration B )  L/R ~  ms Voltage drop across the bar for a current swing of 60A  V low load (dc) 0.90 V  V high load (dc) 1.32 V  V (transient) 3.40 V

11. 11 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 41.6 100 4 10 “ 1000 0.1 “ Test Parameters 70mF in parallel to the electronic load assorbes the large transient spikes Measurements 3 (configuration C ) 0.95V 0.30V A B A B B A ALICE TPC conditions

12. 12 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 60 10 40 10 Test Parameters Measurements 4 (configuration D ) 2V

13. 13 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 60 100 4 10 “ 1000 0.1 “ Test Parameters A BB A A B 3.3V 2.5V 100  s Measurements 5 (configuration A + sense wire ) The sensing feedback is not fast enough to react to the load variations ALICE TPC conditions

14. 14 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa Measurements 6 (configuration C + sense wire )  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 41.6 100 4 10 Test Parameters 1.2V The sensing feedback is not fast enough to react to the load variations

15. 15 10 th October 2007Luciano Musa 220mV 100  s Measurements 7 (configuration C + sense wire )  I (A) Freq (Hz)  T HIGH (ms) Slew rate (A/  s) 41.6 1000 0.1 10 Test Parameters The sensing feedback is not fast enough to react to the load variations C = 100mF