1. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 1 KM3NeT L. Moscoso DAPNIA/SPP CEA/Saclay

2. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 2 Detection principle Huge detection volume: km 3 Shielded against cosmic rays  p   c =43°

3. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 3 Scientific topics Cosmology/ particle physics –Dark matter Astronomy –Quasars –Gamma-ray bursts –Microquasars –Pulsars –SNR The Mediterranean is well suited to observe the Galactic Centre. Results from H.E.S.S. are encouraging.

4. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 4 HESS observations - Energy spectrum dF/dE  = F 0 E -  with  = 2.2 F 0 = 1.1×10 -4 m -2 s -1 GeV -1 Km 3 detector sensitive to a neutrino flux = gamma-ray flux Aharonian et al., A&A 425, L13-L17 (2004) Neutrinos from the GC

5. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 5 HESS scan of the Galactic centre

6. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 6 Possible combined observations Neutrinos from galactic centre detectable in KM3NeT in a few weeks to years (Crocker, Melia, Volkas, Astrophys. J. 622 (2005) L37-40); Other HESS observations like RX J1713.7-3946 and PSR B1509- 58 in the GC proximity are promising; Integral and Swift are flying. Swift has reported 42 GRB in 6 months. Hopefully new space detectors in 2010-2020

7. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 7 Nemo Phase 1 Shore station 2.5 km e.o. Cable with double steel shield 21 km e.o. Cable with single steel shield JBU J J 5 km e.o. cable Geoseismic station SN-1 (INGV) 5 km e.o. cable  10 optical fibres standard ITU- T G-652  6 electrical conductors  4 mm 2

8. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 8 Nestor prototype results Recently published: G. Aggouras et al. Astropart. Phys. 23 (2005) 377 Zenith angle distribution

9. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 9 Antares: MILOM & Line 0 MILOM Final version of the electronics Line 0 – Cable test Almost a complete line (23 storeys) No electronics Study optical fibre transmission Autonomous recording devices (Tinytags) and measurements from the shore (master electro-optical and interlink cables) No water leaks in electronics containers Successful deployment-recovery-check- deployment-connection-recovery Good and constant conductivity and insulation Optical transmission losses at a number of locations (in the containers)

10. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 10 Antares: The Junction Box JB stable since 30 months.

11. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 11 Antares MILOM: Timing resolution   0.75ns  for one PMT   0.75/  2  0.5ns Will allow a 0.2° pointing resolution

12. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 12 Antares-MILOM: ARS responses Charge distribution (baseline subtracted) Single photo- electron peak Single pe signal wave-form 640MHz sampling Main clock

13. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 13 KM3NeT Design Study Participants Cyprus: Univ. Cyprus France: CEA/Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 (CPP Marseille, IreS Strasbourg), IFREMER Germany: Univ. Erlangen, Univ. Kiel Greece: HCMR, Hellenic Open Univ., NCSR Democritos, NOA/Nestor, Univ. Athens Italy: CNR/ISMAR, INFN (Univs. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Messina, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, LNF Frascati), INGV, Tecnomare SpA Netherlands: NIKHEF/FOM Spain: IFIC/CSIC Valencia, Univ. Valencia, UP Valencia UK: Univ. Aberdeen, Univ. Leeds, Univ. Liverpool, John Moores Univ. Liverpool, Univ. Sheffield Particle/Astroparticle institutes (17) Sea science/technology institutes (7) Coordinator

14. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 14 KM3NeT Design Study: Resources Suggested overall budget of the Design Study: 24 M€ (mainly personnel, but also equipment, consumables, travel etc.). Amount requested from EU: 10 M€; Estimated overall labor power: ~3500 FTEMs (FTEM = full-time equivalent person month) → 100 persons working full-time over 3 years! Substantial resources (labor power) additional to those available in the current pilot projects will be required !

15. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 15 The KM3NeT Design Study: Milestones Proposal submission 04.03.2004. Evaluation report received June 2004 (overall mark: 88%). Unofficial but reliable message (Sept. 2004): The KM3NeT Design Study will be funded ! Currently waiting for EU call to negotiation. Negotiations expected between summer and end 2005 KM3NeT in the ESFRI “List of opportunities” Strong support is asked to the funding agencies

16. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 16 KM3NeT Consortium Organizational structure (phase 1): –Negotiation Preparation Group (NPG). Task: preparation of the consortium agreement –Major legislative body: General Assembly; One representative per institute; Simple set of rules for phase 1 worked out by NPG. Task: Approval of all documents, commitments,... –Coordinator: U. Katz confirmed. In permanent contact with Brussels. –WP responsibles: named by “Leading Institutes” Task: establish communication between WP partners, collect info., contact persons for NPG, WP summaries

17. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 17 Working packages TaskDescriptive titleLeading participant WP1Management of the Design StudyUniv-Erlangen (D) WP2Astro-particle physicsIN2P3 (F) WP3Physics analysisHellenic Open Univ. (Gr) WP4System and product engineeringSaclay (F) WP5Information technologyFOM (NL) WP6Shore and deep-sea infrastructureINFN (I) WP7Sea surface infrastructureNational Observatory of Athens/Nestor (Gr) WP8Risk assessment and QAINFN (I) WP9Resource explorationNCSR Democritos (Gr) WP10Associated scienceUniv-Aberdeen (UK)

18. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 18 24/25 Feb. 2005: First meeting of NPG; 1 March 2005: Nomination of all WP coordinators approval by GA; 14-15 June 2005:Second meeting of NPG; End June 2005:Guideline for WP coordinators; 5 Sept. 2005: First common meeting of NPG and WP coordinators; (few pages, detailing plans, resources,...); 8-11 Nov. 2005: Second VLV T workshop, Catania. Time line

19. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 19 Conclusions (1) HE neutrino observation is essential to achieve multi- messenger and multi-wavelength astronomy; An equipped volume of at least one km 3 is necessary; The Mediterranean Sea allows us to observe the Galactic Centre; FP6 Design Study will combine the efforts of the three pilot projects Antares, Nemo, Nestor;

20. CEA DSM Dapnia - L. Moscoso - KM3NeT23/06/2005 20 Conclusions (2) The balance of these last few months is very positive: –Scientific point of view The recent HESS observations in the TeV range are very encouraging; –Political point of view ESFRI adds KM3NeT to “List of opportunities”; The funding agencies show their intention to reinforce their support to the pilot projects; New institutes (not present in the 3 pilot projects) have joined KM3NeT; –Technical point of view The recent results with the new Antares prototypes are an important progress.