2. L2 Methods: Overview Grammar translation Audio-lingual The Silent Way
Suggestopedia—Superlearning
Audio-Tutorial
The Community Approach
Total Physical Response (TPR)
TPR Storytelling or TPRS

3. Grammar-Translation ‘Classic’ WL method Used for centuries
Premise: ‘exact’ translation possible of L1 into L2, or L2 into L1
Thus, Je t’aime = I love you.

4. Audio-Lingual
Originally used by U.S. government to teach ‘perfect’ L2 language patterns, pitch, and intonation.
Based on teaching the sounds of the L2 first, before actually seeing the written language
Uses ‘canned’ phrases and recombination drills

5. Audio-Lingual Cont’d Hey, how’s it goin’? Good,…you?
Not bad. What’cha goin’ to do tonight?
I gotta go home and study. Uhhhh!
Hey, dude, take it easy! See ya tomorrow!
Later!

6. Audio-Lingual Cont’d Hey, how’s it goin’? Good,…[not good]…you?
Not bad. [O.K.] What’cha goin’ to do tonight? [later]
I gotta go home [to the library] and study. Uhhhh!
Hey, dude, take it easy! [Have a good one!] See ya tomorrow!
Later!

7. The Silent Way
Words, concepts, and grammatical constructions are represented by colored rods
Teacher models L1 word or phrase and calls upon students to repeat
Teacher uses correct student responses to elicit other students’ responses
Teacher does not conduct a conversation not does he/she give direct feedback

8. Suggestopedia
Based on premise that if one is relaxed and put into an ‘alpha state’ in a non-threatening, low-anxiety environment, one can learn better than traditional ways
The learning environment is decorated in the target language’s motif
Each student is given a new identity in the L2 and becomes that new persona

9. Suggestopedia Cont’d
Classical music is usually played in a low-lighted room where students may sit on the floor or in comfortable seats
The instructor coaxes the students into listening first in the L2, then, repeating the new L2
Superlearning is supposed to take place.

10. Audio-Tutorial Students are autonomous learners
Students proceed at their own pace
Individualized learning is the key
Students engaged in all L2 skills, use tapes to listen and record progress, grade their own quizzes and tests
The teacher is the facilitator

11. The Community Approach
Students are positioned in a circle
There is a proficient L2 speaker standing behind each WL student learner
The teacher circulates and facilitates
When L2 learners need assistance in speaking in the target language, the communal helper tells the L2 learner what to say

12. Total Physical Response (TPR)
Follows the Psycholinguistic Model (listening, speaking, reading, writing)
Students respond to commands given by the teacher
When successful with the L2 commands, students may then give the teacher and each other commands in the L2 to follow
TPR is the single most used L2 method to date and has many variations

13. TPR Storytelling Uses TPR techniques and manipulatives/visuals
Repeats vocabulary in context
Uses a story-telling approach
Heavy interaction with students in a non-threatening, hands-on way
Highly successful