1. Heat and Cold Emergencies! By: Marina Leonova Jazmine Simmons

2. Prolonged exposure to cold may result in hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature. Body temperatures that drop too low affect the brain which makes it difficult to think clearly or move quickly. Hypothermia is dangerous because you may not know it's occurring until it's too late. Hypothermia

3. Hypothermia is more likely at very cold temperatures, but can occur even at cool temperatures (above 40°F) If a person becomes chilled from rain, sweat, or submersion in cold water, they are susceptible to hypothermia. Victims of hypothermia are often elderly or babies and those outside for long periods of time. Hypothermia Cont’D….

4. ShiveringExhaustionConfusion Memory Loss Slurred speech Drowsiness Symptoms of Hypothermia:

5. If temp. is below 95° get medical attention immediately. Must Warm up the person. Try and get them into a warm room or shelter out of the cold. Remove wet clothing! Warm the core of the body first with an electric blanket, skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets. After body temperature has increased, keep the person dry and wrapped in a warm blanket, including the head and neck. Get medical attention as soon as possible. A person with severe hypothermia may be unconscious and may not seem to have a pulse or to be breathing. In this case get emergency assistance immediately. Start CPR until the victim responds or medical aid becomes available. In some cases, hypothermia victims who appear to be dead can be successfully resuscitated. Treatment for Hypothermia

6. Frostbite causes a loss of feeling and color in affected areas (nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers, or toes). Frostbite can permanently damage the body, and in severe cases it can lead to amputation of the affected body part. Frostbite

7. Signs of Frostbite The first signs are redness or pain in any skin area. Other signs include: a white or grayish-yellow skin area skin that feels unusually firm/ waxy numbness People are often unaware of frostbite because the frozen tissues are numb. Signs of Frostbite:

8. Gradually warm frostbitten areas. Put frostbitten hands or feet in warm water — 104 to 107.6 F (40 to 42 C). Wrap or cover other areas in a warm blanket. Protect your skin from further exposure: place under armpits to warm and keep other exposed areas covered. Don't walk on frostbitten feet or toes if possible. It can damage even more tissue. If there's any chance the affected areas will freeze again, don't thaw them out. If they're already thawed out, wrap them up so that they don't become frozen again. Know what to expect as skin thaws. If the skin turns red and there's a tingling and burning sensation as it warms, circulation is returning. But if numbness or sustained pain remains during warming or if blisters develop, seek medical attention. Treatment of Frostbite:

9. Heat Stroke, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Cramps. Heat Stroke being the most severe. The first step is always prevention: Wear loose-fitting, light-weight clothing in hot weather Rest frequently Stay inside in a well cooled area Drink lots of fluids (avoid caffeine or alcohol: they can make you even more dehydrated) Always be aware if there are weather warning for extreme heat. Heat related Emergencies

10. Occurs usually during outdoor games. Where muscles can have spasms due to heavy exertion. Leading to pain as well. This is usually caused by loss of water and salt from sweating. Heat Cramps

11. Symptoms usually include: Abdominal cramps, Leg cramps or muscle spasms.

12. First Aid: 1. Move victim to a cool location. 2. If conscious, give ½ glass of water every 15 minutes. Treatment for Heat Cramps:

13. Heat exhaustion is less dangerous than heat stroke, if left untreated it can lead to heat stroke. What is Heat Exhaustion? Heat exhaustion is caused by fluid loss which then causes the blood flow to decrease to vital organs, resulting in a form of shock. Dehydration symptoms are almost flu-like: tired, light headed, weakness. Heat Exhaustion:

14. Skin is COOL, PALE, MOIST Pupils are dilated (very large) Body temperature near normal Heavy sweating Headache Nausea, dizziness, or vomiting Signs & Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion:

15. 1. Call EMS immediately. 2. Move the victim to a cool location out of the heat. 3. Lay victim on back and raise feet 10-12 inches this will help with circulation. 4. Remove/loosen clothing 5. Cool victim by fanning or applying cold packs, wet sheets or towels 6. If conscious give 1/2 glass water every 15 minutes. Gatorade is good as well to help replenish. Treatment for Heat Exhaustion:

16. Heat stroke is the most serious type of heat- related emergency. It is LIFE-THREATENING and requires IMMEDIATE and AGGRESSIVE treatment! Definition: Heat stroke occurs when the body’s heat regulating mechanisms fail. The Body temperature rises so high that it leads to brain damage and even death unless the body is cooled quickly! Heat Stroke, What is it?

17. Skin is HOT, RED, DRY. Pupils are constricted (very small) Body temperature is VERY HIGH (sometimes as high as 105°) Symptoms of Heat Stroke

18. 1. Call 911 immediately. 2. Move the victim to a cool location out of the heat. 3. Place victim in a tub of cool water, wrap in wet sheets, and place in an air conditioned room. Do not try to treat it yourself. Stay by the person and monitor until EMS arrives. Treatment of Heat Stroke:

19. Underestimate the seriousness of heat related emergencies, especially for children or the elderly DO NOT Give medications to reduce fever (i.e. Aspirin); they may cause further harm DO NOT Give victims salt tablets DO NOTOverlook possible complications from other medical problems Do NOT Give victims liquids containing alcohol or caffeine—they interfere with the body’s ability to control Temperature DO NOT Give the victim ANYTHING by mouth of heat stroke is suspected. The DO NOTS!

20. Video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q0s8uKfE8I&feature =related

21. Work Cited! http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/firstaid/basics/088.ht ml http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/firstaid/basics/088.ht ml http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/enviromentalissues/a/extremecold.htm http://firstaid.webmd.com/tc/heat-related-illnesses-topic-overview http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/enviromentalissues/a/Exercise_Heat.ht m http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/enviromentalissues/a/Exercise_Heat.ht m