1. Chapter 10: New Global Patterns
Section 1: Japan Modernizes
Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Section 5: Impact of Imperialism

2. Section 1: Japan Modernizes
Summary:
To avoid domination by the West, Japan opened its doors to foreign influences and became a modern industrialized power

3. Section 1: Japan Modernizes
Since 1638, Shoguns had closed Japan to visitors and trade
In 1853, U.S. warships sailed into Tokyo Bay
Commodore Perry carried a letter from the American president demanding that Japan open its ports
Japan could not fight the U.S. Navy, and it soon signed the first of many trade treaties

4. Section 1: Japan Modernizes
Some Japanese said the Shogun showed weakness against the foreigners
In 1867, a revolt ended Shogun control of Japan
A young emperor (15) began a long reign
Under his rule the Japanese were ready to accept the western world and learn what they could

5. Section 1: Japan Modernizes
By the 1890s, Japan had developed a modern army and navy
Japan had built modern steel mills and railroads
This quick success was due to a number of causes:
Common culture & Language
Japan had a long tradition of learning from foreigners
The Japanese were determine to resist foreign rule

6. Section 1: Japan Modernizes
As industry grew, Japan needed colonies to supply raw materials
Gaining such colonies meant war
In 1884 Japan defeated China and gained Korea

7. Section 1: Japan Modernizes
When Russia showed interest in Korea, Japan declared war
For the first time in modern history, an Asian nation defeated a European power
By 1910, Japan held complete control of Korea
The Age of Japanese imperialism had begun

8. -1st Japanese constitution based
on German model
-Emperor holds power
Meiji Motto: “A rich
Country, a strong
Military.”
Meiji means:
“Enlightened Rule”
The Meiji Period
Ends official
Class system
Replaces Shogun rule
With rule by
Emperor
Modernizes military,
business & industry

9. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
The Big Idea:
Western industrialist powers divided up Southeast Asia in pursuit of raw materials, new markets & Christian converts

10. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
In the 1800s, industrial powers looked to Southeast Asia for resources and markets
Christians saw a place to spread Christianity
Just as it had in Africa, Europe began to grab land

11. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
The Dutch East India Company controlled the Spice Islands, and the Dutch set up colonies to grow coffee and spices

12. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
The people of Burma (now called Myanmar) did not realize the might of the British forces
They lost many wars before falling to Britain in the 1800s

13. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
In Vietnam, leaders also failed to understand western might
The French gained Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia
The French called their colonial holdings in Southeast Asia, French Indochina

14. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
By the 1890s, Europeans controlled most of Southeast Asia

15. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
The king of Siam (now called Thailand) did not underestimate western powers
He decided to learn from the west and build his own strength
Siam granted some rights to the West but remained a free kingdom

16. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
The United States became an imperialist nation by reaching into the Pacific
In 1878, it gained rights in Samoa
In 1898, success in the Spanish-American War gave the United States the Philippines
In 1893, the Queen of Hawaii tried to reduce foreign holdings
American sugar planters led a revolt
The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898

17. Section 2: Southeast Asia & the Pacific
By 1900, western powers held nearly every island in the Pacific
Soon Japan wanted its share too

19. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
The Big Idea:
The British colonies of Canada, Australia & New Zealand won independence faster and with greater ease than territories in Africa & Asia

20. Canada
Australia
New Zealand

21. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
In the British colonies of Canada, Australia & New Zealand, white settlers quickly outnumbered the natives
The British freed these colonies more easily
They felt that whites were more able to govern themselves than the nonwhites of India and Asia

23. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
Britain gained Canada from France in 1763
Following the American Revolution and a revolt in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837, Britain created the free Dominion of Canada in 1867
The new nation kept close ties with Britain

24. One place, one empire

25. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
The first Australians probably came from Southeast Asia
They became known as Aborigines
In 1770, British Captain James Cook claimed Australia
Britain first used the land as a prison, where they could send their convicts

27. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
A gold rush and fine sheep ranches brought new settlers
They moved into the rugged interior known as the Outback, pushing out or killing the Aborigines
In 1901, Britain granted self-rule
The new country still honored the British monarch as head of state

29. Section 3: Self-Rule for Canada, Australia & New Zealand
In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New Zealand
In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand and white settlers began to claim land
The local Maori people fought back
By 1870, most Maoris had died in wars or from disease
New Zealand gained self-rule in 1907
New Zealand, like Canada & Australia kept close ties to Britain

30. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
The Big Idea:
The economy of Latin America became dependent on industrial nations for investment, technology and manufactured goods

31. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Most of Latin America gained independence in the 1800s
Yet life did not improve for most people
There were revolts and civil wars
Prejudice and poverty continued

32. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Local strongmen known as caudillos put together armies and made themselves dictators
Revolts often overthrew the caudillos
Still, power stayed with a small ruling class

33. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Colonial economies had depended on Spain and Portugal
The colonies sent raw materials to their ruling lands
They bought finished goods from their rulers
Later, Britain and the U.S. became trading partners with the freed nations
They took control of prices and set rules governing trade
Latin America came to depend on them

34. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
British and American companies wanted to guard their employees and investments in Latin America
They claimed the right to act when events threatened their interests

35. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
In 1823, U.S. President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine
It said that the Americas were closed to further colonization and that the U.S. would oppose any European efforts to reestablish colonies

36. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
In 1903, the U.S. wanted to build a canal across the Central American land of Panama
Columbia, which ruled Panama, refused to grant land for the canal

37. Section 4: Economic Imperialism in Latin America
The U.S. backed a revolt against Columbia
Panama won freedom and gave the U.S. the land to build the canal
Many Latin Americans saw the U.S.’s actions as interference and an example of Yankee imperialism

38. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism
The Big Idea:
The Age of Imperialism brought an exchange of goods, money, materials and ideas

39. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism
The age of imperialism changed the West and its colonies
The industrial nations of Britain, France, Germany and the United States controlled a new global economy
They sent goods, investment money and knowledge to the rest of the world
In return, Africa, Asia and Latin America supplied natural resources, farm crops and cheap labor

40. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism
In many ways, colonies suffered greatly under foreign rule
Imported goods wiped out local craft industries
Famines swept lands where farms grew export crops instead of food
Yet, foreign rule also moved countries into the modern age

41. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism
Imperialism brought an exchange of cultures
Europeans made it their mission to spread western ways
Many conquered peoples accepted western ways
They learned to speak western languages
They wore western clothing styles
Some lost touch with their own cultures

42. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism
However, others held on to their customs
In the end most colonies blended old and new ideas
Imperialism enriched the West
Ties with Africa, Asia and Latin America brought new:
Art
Music
Fashions
Foods

43. Section 5: Impact of Imperialism
At times more than one European nation tried to gain the territory
Tensions rose as each feared the other would build a stronger empire
Conflicts sometimes threatened to end in war