1. 1 Solids, Liquids & Gases

2. 2 CAN YOU SEE? macroscopicmicroscopic

3. 3 CAN YOU SEE? macroscopic microscopic

4. 4 Scientific Model = solid to represent the real thing

5. 5 Scientific Model to represent the real thing = water molecule =

6. 6 Scientific Model to represent the real thing = sodium atom =

7. The Particulate Model of Matter Liquid Solid Gas These particles, they move! Particulate Model of Matter

8. 8 Kinetic Particle Theory ALL matter is made of moving molecules

9. 9 Kinetic Particle Theory Matter is made up of small particles which are in constant and random motion.

10. 10 Diffusion Diffusion is a process by which particles of matter move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

11. 11 Diffusion

12. 12 Diffusion

13. 13 Factors affecting Diffusion #1: Temperature The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move, the faster the rate of diffusion

14. 14 Factors affecting Diffusion #2: Mass of particles The smaller the mass, the faster the particles diffuse *How to calculate relative molecular mass?

15. 15 Kinetic Model of Matter = Gas = flowing water molecule

16. 16 Kinetic Model of Matter = Liquid = flowing water molecule

17. 17 Kinetic Model of Matter = Solid = vibrating water molecule

18. 18 Hold on a second!

19. 19 YES !!! Are you telling me that ICE CUBES are actually vibrating ?

20. 20 macroscopic Can you see ice cubes vibrate when they are becoming flowing water ? NO

21. 21 macroscopic microscopic vibrating flowing But are ice cubes actually vibrating when they are becoming flowing water ? YES

22. 22 During melting, ice cubes are vibrating to break the attractive force that holds water molecules together to become flowing water.

23. 23 Kinetic Model of Matter

24. 24 Who is HOT ???

25. 25 100 °C 0 °C

26. 26 Higher Temperature

27. 27 Kinetic Model of Matter ? Kinetic Energy ?

28. 28 Kinetic Model of Matter

29. 29 Kinetic Model of Matter ? Motion ?

30. 30 Kinetic Model of Matter Vibrate Flow at fixed position SlowFast all over the place

31. 31 Kinetic Model of Matter ? Attractive Force ?

32. 32 Kinetic Model of Matter

33. 33 Kinetic Model of Matter ? Shape ?

34. 34 Kinetic Model of Matter Fixed Changing with the shape of container

35. 35 Kinetic Model of Matter ? Distance between Molecules ?

36. 36 Kinetic Model of Matter

37. 37 Kinetic Model of Matter ? Can be Compressed ?

38. 38 Kinetic Model of Matter NO YES! ? Can be Compressed ?

39. 39 Pressure Speed of molecular motion Distance between molecules

40. Possible misconceptions Substances are coloured. BUT are particles of matter coloured too?

41. Possible misconceptions Substances can feel hot or cold. BUT are the particles hot or cold too?

42. Possible misconceptions Substances expand when heated. Do the particles grow in size?

43. A graph of temperature against time to represent the heating of ice Initial Temp 100 (b.p.) Temperature ( o C) Time (min) Heating curve of ICE 0 (m.p.) A BC DE F SOLID SOLID + LIQUID LIQUID LIQUID + GAS GAS MELTING process BOILING process