2. 1 Reading and Understanding a Medicine Leaflet by Adolescent Consumers and Its Determinants Siriporn Burapadaja Busabong Jamreondararasame Jaratbhan Sanguansermsri Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai University

3. 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

4. 3 Importance to study There is an increase of medication There are still problems of inappropriate medication A problem is that consumers have little information A leaflet is an official source of information Reading and understanding a leaflet is a way to obtain information

5. 4 Advantages of reading and understanding of a leaflet Increasing compliance Increasing awareness of possible adverse actions Improving knowledge Preventing drug-related problems

6. 5 Study questions Do consumers read and understand a leaflet? What are the factors affecting the consumer’s reading and understanding a leaflet ?

7. 6 OBJECTIVE

8. 7 To determine if consumers read and understand leaflets about medicines, and the factors affecting a consumer’s reading and understanding of a leaflet

9. 8 DESIGN

10. 9 Phase ALeaflet Content Design:Cross-sectional design Population:“Dangerous medicines” Community pharmacy Sampling:Purposive sampling (n=154) Analysis: Content analysis

11. 10 WHO Guideline of the Information for a Leaflet Medicine namePrecaution CompositionContraindication IndicationAdverse effect DosageSpecific warning PropertyStorage condition Duration of treatment

12. 11 Phase B Consumer’s reading Design:Cross-sectional design Population:University freshmen Sampling:Systematic sampling (n=348) Tool:A questionnaire Analysis:Path analysis

13. 12 Theory:Social Cognitive Variables:Attitude Belief Personal influence Availability Access Content barrier Self-efficacy Reading a leaflet

14. 13 Phase C Consumer’s understanding Design:A two-group experiment An original leaflet : A leaflet was selected from the sample based on -separating from its label -having one composition -having at least 9 topics

15. 14 A new leaflet was developed by using the same content but different design Criteria for easily understood leaflet: Using simple words Emphasizing critical words Separating sentence into items Putting content in order

16. 15 A 24-item Test A test for content understanding This test covered the leaflet content It had 24 items Each item had three choices A correct choice was given a score The total possible score was 24

17. 16 Original New Group 1 Group 2 A 24-item test of understanding

18. 17 RESULTS

19. 18 Phase A Presence of topic Topic% leaflet Dosage99.3 Name97.4 Indication96.7 Composition59.7 Specific warning43.5

20. 19 Topic% leaflet Precaution40.2 Property39.6 Duration33.1 Contraindication29.9 Adverse effect25.3 Storage condition20.8

21. 20 1Almost all leaflets contained less information than that suggested by WHO 2There were technical terms that might be difficult to understand 3A separate leaflet would have more information

22. 21 Phase B 1 Percentage of reading

23. 22 2Factors affecting the reading 2.1Direct factors Access to a leaflet Self-efficacy to read a leaflet 2.2Indirect factors (via self-efficacy) Content difficult to understand Access to a leaflet

24. 23 Group 1Group 2 Phase C Understanding level and a relevant factor

25. 24 CONCLUSIONS

26. 25 Most consumers seldom read a leaflet regularly when buying or taking a medicine because of little access to it and low self-efficacy to read difficult content The consumer’s understanding of a leaflet was unsatisfactory because of content difficult to understand

27. 26 There were shortages of leaflet Little access to a leaflet Content difficult to understand Insufficient information These shortages should be improved in order that consumers could read and understand a leaflet

28. 27 Reasons to improve the leaflets To empower consumers in caring for their medication and health To provide more access to information on medication To create a supportive leaflet To guarantee health care provision

29. 28 SUGGESTIONS A leaflet should be separate from its label A leaflet should be understandable by passing a test of understanding Like a label, a leaflet should have a standard information for consumers

30. 29 Thank you for your attention