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Published byDamon Adams Modified over 9 years ago
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EarthquakesEarthquakes AMSTIAMSTI
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EarthquakeEarthquake Shaking & vibrating of earth Natural event Large sudden release of energy along cracks of Earth's crust Beyond human control Studied by seismologist Monitored by satellites
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MythsMyths Throughout history, people have had imaginative explanations for why earthquakes happen Giant catfish holding Earth Giant frog jumping on Earth Giant tortoise carrying Earth
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WavesWaves Travel in all directions from center of circle Surface waves (up & down) Body waves: P & S waves (push/pull & side/side) S waves don't travel through liquids
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Speeds of Waves Each has a constant speeds; but P wave is faster Larger difference between P & S wave arrival means further the seismograph station is from location of EQ
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EQ resistant homes Foundation connected to rock deep underground Walls & beams tied together Liquid concrete sprayed on brackets
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SeismographsSeismographs Instrument that records EQ- located all over the world 3 different locations needed to locate epicenter Seismogram- paper the vibrations recorded on Each tic = 1 minute if each day Pen moves as the vibrations move
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TsunamisTsunamis Huge wave Can be caused by EQ Can travel thousands of miles
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Focus & Epicenter Focus- point where EQ begins Epicenter- point on surface above focus
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Canines to the Rescue Dogs have stronger senses- especially for smell-sniff the air National Association for Search & Rescue- 1500 handlers
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Ring of Fire Circum-Pacific Belt Consists of a chain of EQ around Pacific Ocean Due to deep sea trenches Common locations- California, Alaska & Japan
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Richter Scale Named after Charles Richter Measures magnitude of EQ by measuring the "swing" of the wave Measures 1-8+
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Worldwide Statistics Less than 3- 9000 per day 3-3.9- 49000 annually 4-4.9- 6200 annually 5-5.9- 800 annually 6-6.9- 120 annually 7-7.9- 18 annually 8+ - 1 annually
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Earth's Interior Layers: Core, Mantle & Crust 2 types of crust: Oceanic & Continental
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SonarSonar Sending & receiving an echo Used to map the interior of the Earth & the floor of the ocean
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Tectonic Plates Earth's crust is broken into segments that fit together like a puzzle Plates float over the mantle Plates move which can cause EQ
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Movement of Plates Convergent- 2 plates push together- forms mountains Divergent- 2 plates pull apart- forms trench or valley-dense oceanic plate sinks under continental plate Transform- 2 plates slide past each other- no new land is formed
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San Andreas Fault California Rocks have jagged surfaces that hook on each other which wear down after the EQ ruptures Rocks that bend are called ductile Fences & rivers change shape as result of moving plates
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Theory of Pangea Belief that all continents were once a single large landmass- super continent Proof? Sides look like they fit together like a puzzle, identical fossils separated by oceans, scratches on glaciers & mountain ranges line up on different continents
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Test Time Make an A!
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