1. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 12 Planning and Developing Community Programs and Services

2. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Identifying Group or Community Health Problems Issue to explore Extent of problem; target population Views of target population (authoritative knowledge) Working with target population: formal and informal leaders; local knowledge Delineating problem to be addressed Rating importance and changeability (to narrow focus) Factors influencing behavior change (predisposing, reinforcing, enabling)

3. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Evaluation of Outcomes Ensure quality through measurable outcomes and standards of practice in programs and services –Setting measurable goals and objectives –Evaluating outcomes Quality indicators of client outcomes: quantitative measures of client’s response to care; part of a broader quality management program; used to determine goal achievement Benchmarking: continuous, collaborative, systematic processes for measuring and examining internal programs’ strengths and weaknesses; also studying another’s processes to improve own

4. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nurse’s Role in Quality Measurement and Improvement Any activities to realize goals contribute to the quality management program Nursing administration responsible for developing a formalized quality management program –Review organizational structure, personnel, and environment (structure) –Focus on standards of nursing care and methods of delivery (process) –Focus on outcomes of that care

5. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nurse’s Role and Structure Client focus Sufficient resources Budgeting and system for acquiring additional funding Private agencies and profit

6. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Benchmarking is a major aspect of quality indicators.

7. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False –Benchmarking involves continuous, collaborative, systematic processes for measuring and examining internal programs’ strengths and weaknesses.

8. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nurse’s Role and Process Standards set by professional staff complying with or surpassing those recommended by accrediting bodies Staff input in standard evaluation, revision Staff current in practice Agency support of staff; minimal staff turnover Staff as part of peer review committee or quality improvement or assurance committee Staff involvement with clients for suggestions and comments; agency acting on suggestions and comments

9. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nurse’s Role and Outcomes Periodic review of standards and ability to meet needs of population Staff implementation of standards Nursing services used most frequently

10. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Models Used in Program Evaluation Donabedian Model Quality Health Outcomes Model American Nurses Association Model Omaha System Quality Practice Setting Attributes Model

11. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

15. Question Is the following statement true or false? The Donabedian model for program evaluation is the most complex method used for program evaluation.

16. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False –The Donabedian model is recognized as the most simple and basic method of measuring quality.

17. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Social Marketing Influence on the behavior of target audiences through changes in: –Behavior –Policies that affect health behaviors –Perceptions and support for public health as an institution

18. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Social Marketing (cont.) Key concepts –Exchange –Self-interest –Behavior change –Competition –Consumer orientation –Product, price, place, and promotion –Partners and policy

19. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Grants Individual or group providing another individual or group with support (money) for a specified purpose Funding for program development or project support –Planning grants –Start-up grants –Management or technical assistance grants –Facilities or equipment grants

20. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Grants (cont.) Sources: government, private philanthropic, corporate Letter of inquiry possibly before application/proposal Grants highly competitive

21. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Which of the following is an important concept of social marketing? a.Process b.Outcomes c.Structure d.Competition

22. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer d. Competition Concepts important to social marketing include competition, exchange, self-interest, behavior change, consumer orientation, product, price, place and promotion, and partners and policy. Structure, process, and outcomes are the three components of program evaluation.

23. Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Internet Resources Federal grants: http://www.grants.gov/http://www.grants.gov/ National Center for Health Marketing [CDC]: http://www.cdc.gov/healthmarketing/ http://www.cdc.gov/healthmarketing/ National Committee for Quality Assurance: http://www.ncqa.org/ http://www.ncqa.org/ National Quality Measures Clearinghouse: http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/ http://www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/ U.S. Public Health Service Grant – Application: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.ht ml http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.ht ml U.S.A. Grants.gov [non-profits]: http://www.usa.gov/Business/Nonprofit.shtml http://www.usa.gov/Business/Nonprofit.shtml