1. “International Cooperation in the Context of the Implementation of a Space Exploration Vision” AIAA Workshop on International Space Cooperation Anchorage, May 2-6, 2004 “International Cooperation in the Context of the Implementation of a Space Exploration Vision” Report to the Symposium on Space Exploration and International Cooperation, Washington DC, 22 June 2004 Klaus Becher Working group co-chair

2. K Becher2 A Virtual Program of Programs US program internat. dimension Other national programs Specific Projects (e.g. CEV, MSR, lunar bases) Single nation ESA program national elements Long-term virtual program of programs International cooperation with subsets of partners: MoU, IntOrg, „JSF“, sourcing/services, payloads

3. 22 June 2004Space Exploration Symposium3 Anchorage Workshop Recommendations Conceptualize space exploration programs, projects and visions as inherent parts of a global, long-term, multi-tier virtual program of programs Establish, sooner rather than later, a flexible long-term overarching mechanism to facilitate inter-program cooperation and continuity. This can be best achieved through the establishment of an international coordination council for space exploration Use this council to avoid mission duplication and overlaps, identify and fill gaps, enhance critical-path redundancies and develop implementation support mechanisms by discussing a converging virtual architecture across programs for the best mutual benefit Where international cooperation is pursued on the implementation level, select the cooperative mechanism that best fits the specific task and circumstances from the spectrum of different forms of international project cooperation.

4. 22 June 2004Space Exploration Symposium4 Anchorage Workshop Findings As indicated by President Bush’s vision statement, the prospects for international cooperation in space exploration are fundamentally transformed With capable and focused space exploration programs in Europe and elsewhere, the US has today a number of potential partners in the pursuit of its space exploration vision. Current approaches to space exploration in the US and Europe have been triggered by similar fundamental challenges and motivations; There is momentum for launching a world-wide cooperative venture if the US and Europe choose to cooperate.