1. Assessment of Technology Options 1 Naomi Radke, seecon international GmbH

2. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open- source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Copyright & Disclaimer

3. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Contents 1.Introduction 2.Step 1: Identification of Sanitation Alternatives 1.Substep 1: Understanding and shortening the list of possible options 3.Step 2: Participatory Decision Making Process 1.Substep 1: First participatory analysis 2.Substep 2: System exposure 3.Substep 3: Comparison of alternatives 4.Substep 4: Final decision making process 4.References 3

4. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Deciding on a technology within a community The right decision on a suitable sanitation system is a key step towards sustainable sanitation. This decision approach takes into account: Technical issues (e.g. suitable systems with regard to the settlement conditions) Non-technical issues ( e.g. stakeholder preferences, financial and human capacity) Information previously required: Settlement conditions Existing sanitation situation User priorities Financial and human capacity available 4 1. Introduction Also non-technical aspects such as socio-cultural preferences have to be taken into account. Source: WSP (2007)

5. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Understanding and shortening the list of possible options (1/3) A sanitation system is a configuration of different technology components that carry out different processes along the waste flow. 5 2. Identification of Sanitation Alternatives Technology components along the waste (product) flow. Source: NETSSAF (2008) While there is a large range of technology options, in practice the choice of adequate options is limited by 1)existing infrastructure and 2)physical characteristics of the site

6. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Understanding and shortening the list of possible options (2/3) To further narrow down the list of possible options, the following criteria should be taken into account for a holistic approach: Health Environment and Resources Technology and Operation Finance and Economy Society, Culture and Gender Along these criteria, a technology can be rated and compared to other physically possible technologies. A list of evaluation factors for each criteria can be found in ZURBRUEGG and TILLEY (2007) (see reference list at the end of the presentation). 6 2. Identification of Sanitation Alternatives

7. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info Understanding and shortening the list of possible options (3/3) Product of this step: A short list of feasible sanitation options given the local context (social, financial, environmental) and compared along each criterion. Settlement conditions, existing sanitation situation and user priorities should have been previously assessed. 7 2. Identification of Sanitation Alternatives

8. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 1. First Participatory Analysis (1/2) Stakeholders can ask questions, discuss, propose modifications to the systems shortlisted by experts in the previous step. Systems should be adapted according to the users’ priorities and capabilities (financial situation and ability of work for maintenance). Systems shall then be ranked for each criterion (see criteria in Step 1: Identification of Sanitation Alternatives). 8 3. Participatory Decision Making Process Source: NETSSAF (2008)

9. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 1. First Participatory Analysis (2/2) Information needed to make a decision: Baseline data of the project area Description of the system options shortlisted by the consultants (result of previous step) Well arranged comparison of these alternatives, based on a fixed set of criteria (result of previous step) Product of this step: One or several systems which is (are) considered most appropriate for the project area. 9 3. Participatory Decision Making Process

10. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 2. System Exposure Goal: stakeholders should make an informed choice System Exposure allows: For stakeholders to gain experience with various sanitation systems Creating awareness and demand for sanitation systems Contextualization of sanitation systems helps to propose adaptations Decisions to be made on actual experience than on assumptions 10 3. Participatory Decision Making Process Source: NETSSAF (2008)

11. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 3. Comparison of alternatives A second participatory workshop helps to collect and analyse the experiences after the system exposure. Engineers and planners should be open for suggestions by the stakeholders for adapted designs. Product of this step: narrowed down list of possible sanitation systems. 11 3. Participatory Decision Making Process Source: NETSSAF (2008)

12. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 4. Final decision making process Final workshop held with the decision-makers in the project area. Information needed: Narrowed down list of (adapted) sanitation systems from previous step Cost estimations of sanitation systems, availability of construction material, tools, skilled labour and other essential components for the construction works Goal: A system is agreed upon by experts (in terms of technical robustness) and stakeholders (in terms of usability and affordability) 12 3. Participatory Decision Making Process

13. Assessment of Technology Options Find this presentation and more on www.sswm.infowww.sswm.info 13 NETSSAF (2008): The NETSSAF Participatory Planning Approach. A Tutorial for Sustainable Sanitation Planning. Bremerhaven: Network for the Development of Sustainable Approaches for large scale implementation of Sanitation in Africa (NETSSAF). URL: http://www.netssaftutorial.com/Introduction.405.0.html [Accessed: 30.07.2013]http://www.netssaftutorial.com/Introduction.405.0.html ZURBRUEGG, C., TILLEY, E. (2007): Evaluation of existing low-cost conventional as well as innovative system and technologies. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG). URL: http://susana.org/lang-en/library?view=ccbktypeitem&type=2&id=1350 [Accessed: 20.08.2013] http://susana.org/lang-en/library?view=ccbktypeitem&type=2&id=1350 WSP (Editor) (2007): Philippines Sanitation Source Book and Decision Aid. pdf presentation. Washington: Water and Sanitation Program. URL: http://www.pseau.org/outils/biblio/resume.php?d=2693&l=en&tout=1 [Accessed: 20.08.2013]Philippines Sanitation Source Book and Decision Aidhttp://www.pseau.org/outils/biblio/resume.php?d=2693&l=en&tout=1 4. References

14. Assessment of Technology Options 14 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: