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Published byIrma Armstrong Modified over 9 years ago
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The Study of Life
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All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. They Reproduce 3. Grow & Develop 4. Respond To Their Environment 5. Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 6. Have Complex Chemistry
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All Organisms are made of Cells
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Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain living material called cytoplasm All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell
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More Cell Facts Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars
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The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes a. These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles b. Archaea and Bacteria are examples
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More complex cells are called Eukaryotes a. These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles b. Eukarya (plants, animals, & fungi) are examples
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Unicellular Organisms - Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell a. Examples: Archaea and Bacteria Multicellular Organisms - Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells b. Examples: Eukarya
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Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits
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Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents
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Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent
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Organisms Grow & Develop
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Growth & Development Cells grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism
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Organisms Respond to Environment Organisms Respond to Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc. In Order To Survive & Reproduce
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Homeostasis Keeping The Internal Environment Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.
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Living things have complex chemistry Consist of large complex chemicals Undergo complex chemical reactions to carry out all functions for life
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Unifying Themes of Biology Cell theory Gene theory Homeostasis Evolution
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Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Living cells come from other living cells Living things can be unicellular (bacteria) or multicellular (plants, animals)
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Gene Theory Characteristics of living things are controlled by genes Genes are passed on from parents to offspring
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Homeostasis Maintaining a stable environment
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Evolution Change in the characteristics of living things over time Evolution occurs through natural selection Organisms with more suitable adaptations for their environment are able to survive and reproduce
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Life is Organized on Several Levels
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Organizational Levels of Life A. Biosphere 1. Consists of all the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things 2. Includes most regions of land; most bodies of water and the atmosphere to an altitude of several kilometers.
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B. Biome – a group of similar ecosystems with the same general type of physical environment Ex: tundra, desert, tropical rainforest
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C. Ecosystems 1. An ecosystem is the community of living things in an area, along with the nonliving features of the environment that support the living community. a) Example: A forest (includes various types of trees and plants, animals, microscopic forms of life, soil, water, air, sunlight, etc.)
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D. Community – all the populations in an area What makes up the community in you classroom? E. Population – organisms of the same species living in the same area
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F. Organisms - are individual living things a) Examples: squirrels, insects G. Organ system – group of organs that work together
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H. Organs – composed of one or more types of tissues I. Tissues- group of cells of the same kind J. Cells - life’s basic units of structure and function
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The Diversity of Life A. Species 1. A species is a distinct form of life a) ~ 5,000 species of bacteria; ~8,600 species of birds; ~30,000 species of fishes; ~100,000 species of fungi; ~280,000 species of plants; and ~1,000,000 species of insects
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B. The 3 domains of Life 1. A domain is the broadest category for classifying life forms 2. There are 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
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C. Typical 6 kingdoms
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