1. Class Name, Instructor Name Date, Semester Criminology 2011 Chapter 17 PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT

2. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.1 17.2 17.3 Understand the functioning of the criminal courts under the so- called adversary system, including the impact of plea bargaining, which reveals the adversary process as largely a myth. Understand the relationship between punishment, social structure, and inequality, including the specific effects of social class, race, ethnicity, and gender on conviction and sentencing. Be familiar with the impact of punishment on crime and the evidence against a deterrent effect and an incapacitation effect. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

3. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.4 Be acquainted with the death penalty debate, including the relative costs of execution versus life sentences; general deterrence and the death penalty; arbitrariness and racial discrimination in the death penalty's application; the quality of legal representation of capital crime defendants; and wrongful executions. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

4. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Understand the functioning of the criminal courts under the so-called adversary system, including the impact of plea bargaining, which reveals the adversary process as largely a myth. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 17.1

5. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Federal System State System 17.1

6. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Criminal Law Civil Law 17.1

7. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.1 Prosecution Defense 7

8. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.1 Plea- Bargaining

9. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Understand the relationship between punishment, social structure, and inequality, including the specific effects of social class, race, ethnicity, and gender on conviction and sentencing. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 17.2

10. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Crime 10 17.2 Punishment Inequality Social Structure

11. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.2 How might social class impact conviction and sentencing? Social Class Conviction and Sentencing

12. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.2 Does race and ethnicity impact conviction and sentencing? Race and Ethnicity Conviction and Sentencing

13. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.2 Does gender impact conviction and sentencing? Gender Conviction and Sentencing

14. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Be familiar with the impact of punishment on crime and the evidence against a deterrent effect and an incapacitation effect. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 17.3

15. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.3 Does punishment impact crime?

16. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.3 Deterrent Effect of Punishment Decreases in crime rates have not always accompanied huge increases in incarceration At state level only weak and inconsistent relationship between severity of punishment and crime rates Decreases in crime do not generally occur after harsher penalties Increase in prisoners has forced early release of convicted offenders already there Lack of evidence in studies to support argument

17. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.3 Incapacitation Effect of Punishment Assumes we don’t have enough people already in prison and there’s room for more Assumes chronic offenders can be easily identified Increase in incarceration last few decades may make crime problem worse Ignores fact any extra people put in prisons are only a small % of all offenders

18. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Be acquainted with the death penalty debate, including the relative costs of execution versus life sentences; general deterrence and the death penalty ; arbitrariness and racial discrimination in the death penalty's application ; the quality of legal representation of capital crime defendants ; and wrongful executions. Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes 17.4

19. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 19 17.4 Oppose

20. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 20 17.4 Support

21. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.1 17.2 17.3 Understand the functioning of the criminal courts under the so- called adversary system, including the impact of plea bargaining, which reveals the adversary process as largely a myth. Understand the relationship between punishment, social structure, and inequality, including the specific effects of social class, race, ethnicity, and gender on conviction and sentencing. Be familiar with the impact of punishment on crime and the evidence against a deterrent effect and an incapacitation effect. CHAPTER SUMMARY

22. © 2012 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved 17.4 Be acquainted with the death penalty debate, including the relative costs of execution versus life sentences; general deterrence and the death penalty; arbitrariness and racial discrimination in the death penalty's application; the quality of legal representation of capital crime defendants; and wrongful executions. CHAPTER SUMMARY