1. Pathogen Epidemic & Pandemic Test Review

2. 1) Compare & Contrast Disease Pathogens Please use notes, book, info to complete chart BacteriaVirusParasiteFungus

3. Compare & Contrast Disease Pathogens BacteriaVirusParasiteFungus Single cell Reproduces asexually Killed with antibiotics Ancient form of life Grow best in warm moist/humid environ. Prokaryotic..no nucleus Non living Need a host, hijack cell processes to reproduce Contain DNA Easily spread Prevented by vaccine Only catch it once (can catch different strands) Living organism Feeds off host Eukaryotic Living organism Decomposer Cell wall, no chloroplast Eukaryotic

4. 2) Compare & Contrast Epidemics & Pandemics EpidemicPandemic

5. Compare & Contrast Epidemics & Pandemics EpidemicPandemic Regional Known disease that infecting more individuals than usual Global Large % of individuals infected Usually viral New disease to humans Best prevention is immunizations Conditions to spread: Dense contact with wild animals or farm animals Airports Population poorly educated in disease prevention Poor sanitation systems Weak central government Poverty Poor national sanitation systems

6. 3) How does bacteria reproduce? 4) What does a graph representing the reproductive potential of bacteria look like? 5) How can we protect ourselves from bacterial disease?

7. 3) How does bacteria reproduce? Binary fission 4) What does a graph representing the reproductive potential of bacteria look like? 5) How do we protect ourselves from bacterial disease? Hygiene, cook food properly, hygiene

8. 6) Why do you take over the counter medications when you have a cold? 7) The number of cases of a specific viral diseases has dropped over several years. What would most likely be the cause of this drop?

9. Why do you take over the counter medications when you have a cold? To treat the symptoms The number of cases of a specific viral diseases has dropped over several years. What would most likely be the cause of this drop? Immunizations/vaccinations

10. 8) What is antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic resistance)? 9) How do we make antimicrobial resistance more likely? 10) Under what conditions will bacteria reproduce rapidly?

11. 8) What is antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic resistance)? Bacteria evolve. Resistance is the evolution of bacteria species to be unaffected by an antibiotic that killed them in the past. 9) How do we make antimicrobial resistance more likely? Overuse or misuse antibiotics 10) Under what conditions will bacteria reproduce rapidly? warm, moist environments, average temperatures (don’t like EXTREME temps!)

12. 11) What is it about 21 st century society that makes pandemics much more likely to occur than in the past? 12) What is the purpose of quarantine or isolation?

13. 11) What is it about 21 st century society that makes pandemics much more likely to occur than in the past? Air travel/global connections 12) What is the purpose of quarantine or isolation? To protect individuals that are healthy from the pathogens making others sick.

14. 13) How do vaccines protect against infection? 14) How do vaccines protect society? 15) Why do you need to get a flu shot every year?

15. 13) How do vaccines protect against infection? Vaccines train/challenge your immune system, so that it produces antibodies to the virus. The next time your body encounters the virus, it destroys it and you don’t get sick. 14) How do vaccines protect society? By creating herd immunity that protects those that are unvaccinated 15) Why do you need to get a flu shot every year? The flu virus mutates as it moves through different organisms (bird, pig, human), so the flu you experience each year is a slightly different virus.

16. 16) Some diseases are transmitted by vectors. How does a vector transmit disease? 17) What are some examples of vectors? 18) How do we protect society from vector transmitted diseases? 19) Name two vector transmitted diseases.

17. Some diseases are transmitted by vectors 16) How does a vector transmit disease? It moves the disease agent from one person to another. 17) What are some examples of vectors? Mosquito (#1), tick, flea 18) How do we protect society from vector transmitted diseases? Control vectors through spraying programs, trash pick up, rodent control 19) Name two vector transmitted diseases. Malaria, West Nile virus, Yellow Fever,Lyme Disease, Black Plaque

18. 20) Name two viral diseases. 21) Name two bacterial diseases. 22) Name two fungal diseases.

19. 20) Name two viral diseases. Chicken pox, aids, flu, measles 21) Name two bacterial diseases. Cholera, food poisoning 22) Name two fungal diseases. Athletes’ foot, valley fever, ringworm

20. 23) What do you need to do to remain healthy and avoid becoming sick?

21. Get immunized/vaccinated Proper hygiene…hand washing…avoid being around sick people….