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Published byGriffin Jordan Modified over 9 years ago
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Electron Transport Chain
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Review Glycolysis & the Krebs Cycle only produce 4 ATP/glucose Most of the energy from glucose is stored in NADH or FADH 2
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Location The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) takes place along the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
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Components Most components of the Electron Transport Chain are protein complexes These complexes have Prosthetic Groups ◦ Essential non-protein components
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The entire Electron Transport Chain consists of 4 transmembrane structures as well as a pair of electron carriers Most structures are made up of more than one protein
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NADH Dehydrogenase (Complex I) NADH is oxidized and in turn reduces flavin mononucleotide (FMN) FMN participates in another redox reaction with an Iron-Sulfur protein ◦ FMN is oxidized, FeS is reduced
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First Electron Carrier FeS part of NADH Dehydrogenase pass the electrons to Ubiquinone (Q) ◦ Lipid electron carrier ◦ Transports the electrons to Cytochrome b-c 1 complex
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Cytochrome b-c 1 Complex (Complex III) Cytochrome b (Cyt b) accepts the electrons from Q Electrons are passes from Cyt b to another iron-sulfur protien before being passed to Cytochrome c 1
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Second Electron Carrier Cytochrome c 1 passes the electrons to the second electron carrier, Cytochrome c Cytochrome c operates on the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane (in the intermebrane space)
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Cytochrome Oxidase Complex (Complex IV) Consists of two protein complexes: Cytochrome a and Cytochrome a 3 Cytochrome a receives the electrons from Cytochrome c and then transfers electrons to Cytochrome a 3 Cytochrome a 3 passes the electrons onto Oxygen ◦ Combines with hydrogen atoms in the Matrix to form water
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Each transfer of electrons is an exothermic redox reaction ◦ The energy is used to transfer a single H + ion into the Intermembrane Space Oxygen (due to its high electronegativity) is the only element available to accept electrons at the end
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FADH 2 transfers its electrons to a lower energy level than NADH Electrons join up with Ubiquinone (Q) hence NADH 3 H + moved FADH 2 2 H + moved FADH 2 FAD
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Chemiosmosis The final stage of Oxidative Phosphorylation The complexes of the ETC create a electrochemical gradient of H + across the inner membrane ◦ H + want to return to equilibrium
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ATP Synthase Protein imbedded in the inner mitochrondia membrane Allows H + ions back through into the matrix Uses this Proton- Motive Force to convert ADP and ATP ◦ Each H + ion let back into the matrix creates 1 ATP
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Energy Tally/Glucose Molecule Glycolysis2 ATP Krebs Cycle2 ATP ETC NADH (Glycolysis)4-6 ATP NADH (Prep Step)6 ATP NADH (Krebs)18 ATP FADH 2 4 ATP 36-38 ATP
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