1. Early African Kingdoms

2. NUBIA/KUSH (1000 B.C.- 150 A.D.) Conquered and was conquered by Egyptians

3. Built up wide trade network NUBIA/KUSH (1000 B.C.-150 A.D.)

4. Produced iron tools and weapons

5. Developed system of writing NUBIA/KUSH (1000 B.C.-150 A.D.)

6. Adopted Egyptian traditions through cultural diffusion NUBIA/KUSH (1000 B.C.-150 A.D.)

7. Ghana (100-800) Controlled Gold -Salt trade routes across West Africa

12. Ghana (100-800) Viewed king as semi - divine

13. Ghana (100-800) High status held by women

14. Mali (1200-1450) Expanded influence over Gold – Salt trade routes

15. Mali (1200-1450) Expanded borders to Atlantic Ocean

16. Mali (1200-1450) Emphasize d peace and order

17. Mali (1200-1450) Mansa Musa became great emperor Golden Age

18. Mali (1200-1450) He was Muslim and went on a legendary hajj to Mecca

19. 500 slaves each carrying a staff of gold 80 camels each carrying 300 pounds of gold dust Hundreds of camels carrying supplies Thousands of servants and officials completed the procession Mansa Musa’s Hajj to Mecca

20. Mali (1200-1450) Timbuktu – center of learning and trade

30. Mali (1200-1450) Declined due to bad leadership

31. Songhai (1450-1600) Largest West African state

32. Songhai (1450-1600) Controlled key trade routes and wealthy cities

33. Songhai (1450-1600) Held traditional religious beliefs, with later Muslim influences

34. Songhai (1450-1600) Set up efficient government and bureaucracy

35. Songhai (1450-1600) Decline was due to invasion of the Moroccans