1. African Kingdoms Unit 4

2. Migration move from one country or region to another Examples: Environmental, Social, Economic, & Political Push-Pull Factors: Push out of an area or Pull into an area (reasons for migration)

3. Language spread of language traces migration Bantu language spread south of the Sahara Bantu: 1 st language of 1/3 of all Africans – 60 million p.341

4. Bantu – “The People” Not 1 group of people, but a group who shared common cultural characteristics developed ironworking skills (made them more advanced than others)

5. Reasons for Bantu Migration agriculture –Slash and burn, caused them to move a lot(used up all the nutrients in the soil – couldn’t produce any more crops) population went up—farming produced more than hunting,– needed to find more space for people & farming resources—looked for areas with iron ore to smelt iron.

6. Bantu used iron spears & beat hunters Adapted & adopted from the new environment & customs Bantu exchanged ideas & intermarried: creating new cultures Effects: diversity of cultures and spreading of family languages

7. Sudanic Kingdoms Located South of the Sahara, east coast. Founders were Mande- speaking people

8. Ghana Gold, salt, & slaves—Trade Items the Sahara contained deposits of salt

9. Arab traders would bring weapons, cloth, & manufactured goods for salt African kingdom, Ghana, became a gold trading empire – religion, Islam, began to spread because of trade

10. Slaves were kidnapped by rival tribes & sold to Arab Muslims traders:

11. MALI Kingdoms/Empires were built off of gold

12. Sundiata Mali’s first great leader Became Mali’s mansa – emperor p.348,361

13. Increased the Mali empire by conquering the kingdoms: Ghana and trading cities: Kumbi & Walata A great leader during peace time – had government run by administrators

14. Promoted agriculture & reestablished the gold-salt trade

15. Mansa Musa Muslim ruler who followed Sundiata Went to Mecca as a part of his Muslim duties: Haji

16. Under his control Mali doubled in size

17. Used governors to rule in far off provinces Mali’s empire declines because of several poor leaders after Musa dies

18. Songhai Songhai was one of the largest Islamic empires in history The first emperor Sonni Ali Askia Muhammad the Great, organized the territories Empire fell to the Moroccans

19. Similarities Explain how the Sudanic Kingdoms are similar. Jot Down Answer – 1 Minute Prepare To Share