1. 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Ear

2. 2 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. OBJECTIVES Identify the anatomy of the ear Define and spell the word parts Build and analyze medical terms using word parts Define, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms for the ear Interpret the meanings of abbreviations Identify and use plural endings Read medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in them.

3. 3 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Function of the Ear The two functions of the ear are to hear and to provide the sense of balance. The ear is made up of three parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. We hear because sound waves vibrate through the ear where they are transformed into nerve impulses that are then carried to the brain.

4. 4 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomy of the Ear

5. 5 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. The Middle Ear

6. 6 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Ear external ear auricle (pinna): located on both sides of the head external auditory meatus: short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane

7. 7 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Ear (cont’d) middle ear tympanic membrane (eardrum): semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity eustachian tube: connects the middle ear and the pharynx ossicles: bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations

8. 8 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Ear (cont’d) labyrinth (inner ear) cochlea: snail-shaped and contains the organ of hearing; connects to the oval window in the middle ear semicircular canals and vestibule: contain receptors and endolymph that help the body maintain its sense of balance mastoid bone and cells: located in the skull bone behind the external auditory meatus

9. 9 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms for the Ear acou/o, audi/o aur/I, aur/o, ot/o labyrinth/o mastoid/o myring/o staped/o tympan/o

10. 10 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Helpful Information -tympan/ousually means middle ear -myring/ousually means eardrum (tympanic membrane) -labyrinth/ousually means inner ear

11. 11 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts labyrinthitis mastoiditis myringitis otalgia otomycosis otopyorrhea otosclerosis tympanitis

12. 12 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts acoustic neuroma Meniere’s disease otitis externa otitis media (OM) tinnitus vertigo

13. 13 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts mastoidectomy myringoplasty myringotomy tympanoplasty

14. 14 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. (tympanic membrane) / cv / (incision)

15. 15 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts acoumeter audiogram audiometry otoscope otoscopy tympanometer tympanometry

16. 16 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. (hearing) / cv / (measurement)

17. 17 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts audiologist aural otologist otology otorhinolaryngologist (ENT)

18. 18 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Abbreviations AD AOM AS AU ENT OM

19. 19 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Plural Endings: English Language Plurals are formed in the English by adding -s, -es, or -ies at the end of a word. Examples: SingularPlural dogdogs foxfoxes canarycanaries

20. 20 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Plural Endings: Medical Language Plurals are formed in medical language by using the English plural endings, especially for terms originating from modern language; however, terms built from Greek and Latin word parts are formed by using Greek and Latin plural endings.

21. 21 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Plural Endings: Medical Language (cont’d) Latin suffixes Examples: SingularPlural fimbriafimbriae thoraxthoraces appendixappendices diverticulumdiverticula bronchusbronchi testistestes

22. 22 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Plural Endings: Medical Language (cont’d) Greek suffixes Examples: SingularPlural adenomaadenomata spermatozoonspermatozoa larynxlarynges metastasismetastases

23. 23 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Convert the following terms to plural: thrombus staphylococcus alveolus testis ovum pharynx carcinoma thorax

24. 24 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Convert the following terms to singular: thrombi testes ova pharynges emboli sarcomata carcinomata spermatozoa