1. EAR

2. Outer Ear Function Pinna External auditory meatus (canal)
Ceruminous glands
Tympanic membrane
Eardrum

4. Middle Ear Auditory = Eustachian tube Ossicles Oval window
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Oval window
Round window

7. Inner Ear Osseous labyrinth filled with perilymph
Membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph

10. Inner Ear
Vestibule
Utricle
Saccule

13. Inner Ear
Semicircular canals
Semicircular ducts

17. Inner Ear Cochlea Vestibular Membrane Basilar membrane
Cochlear duct (endolymph)

21. Inner Ear - Cochlea Scala tympani Scala vestibuli
Spiral Organ = Organ of Corti
Receptors for hearing are hair cells on the basilar membrane in the Spiral Organ

23. Hearing Sound transmission High frequency at base of cochlea
Tympanic Reflex
High frequency at base of cochlea
Low frequency at apex of cochlea

29. Hearing
Auditory pathway

32. Hearing
Pitch determination (20-20,000 cps)

33. Hearing
Loudness db

34. Hearing Localization of sound
Time reaching ear and loudness for both ears

37. Equilibrium Utricle and Saccule Macula = receptor Otolith
Linear Acceleration
Linear Deceleration
Head Position

43. Equilibrium Semicircular ducts with ampulla- widened part
Crista – hair cells
Cupula = endolymph
Rotational acceleration
Rotational deceleration
Vestibular nystagmus

47. Equilibrium
Dynamic whole body equilibrium