1. Muscular system
Level 3

2. FACTS Your Body has over 600 muscles
Muscle contracts to move bones and body parts
Muscle makes up approx half your body weight
Three different types of Muscle

4. Three types of Muscle Heart (cardiac) Muscle Involuntary Muscle
Structure and function of these muscle tissues are very different and controlled by very different methods

5. the nervous system and the hormones that are released
Heart/Cardiac Muscle
Built in Pacemaker – Sino-atrial node
Heartbeat is involuntary
Influenced by many factors – Such as?
These factors change
the nervous system and the hormones that are released

6. Involuntary (Smooth) Muscle
Found in visceral organs
(Hollow organs)
Name three Locations where you would find Smooth muscle?

7. Voluntary (skeletal) Muscle
Tudur Morris !!
Attached to the skeleton
Provides Movement and Stability
Striated in appearance

8. Voluntary (skeletal) Muscle
is attached to
bones by
tendons
REMEMBER
Ligaments -Bone to Bone
Tendons – Muscle to Bone

9. Muscle Structure Muscle type Muscle Structure Heart (Cardiac)
Striated and Smooth
Involuntary Muscle
Smooth
Skeletal Muscle
Striated

10. Muscle Structure
Smooth
Striated

11. Control Mechanisms The Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System
Heart (cardiac)
Involuntary (Smooth)
Central nervous System
Voluntary (Skeletal)

12. Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle
Made up of thousands of fibres
Inside these fibres – Myofibrils
Within these Myofibrils muscle contraction takes place

13. Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle
Proteins in myofibrils that cause muscle contraction
Actin
Myosin

14. Activity You should now be able to complete the following table
Muscle Type
Muscle Structure
Primary Function of the muscle
Control Mechanism
Location

15. Muscle Type
Muscle Structure
Primary Function of the muscle
Control Mechanism
Location
Heart
Striated and Smooth
Pumping of heart
Hearts automatic nervous system and the ANS
In the heart
Involuntary
Smooth
Vital organs
Autonomic nervous system (unconsciously)
Blood vessels and Visceral organs
Skeletal
Striated
Movement of the body
CNS (consciously)
Attached to bones

16. Muscles of the Body

18. Teres Minor
Pectoralis Minor
Infraspinatous
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Teres Major
Extensors
Biceps Brachii
Flexors
Rectus Abdominus
External Oblique
Gluteus Medius
Sartorius
Gluteus Maximus
Rectus Femoris
Vastus
Lateralis
Biceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis Anterior
Soleus

19. Muscle Facts Smallest muscle in the body?
Stapedius: the muscle that activates the stirrup, the small bone that sends vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. It measures just 0.05 inch (0.13 centimeter) in length.
Largest muscle in the body?
Latissimus dorsi: the large, flat muscle pair that covers the middle and lower back.
Longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius: the straplike muscle that runs diagonally from the waist down across the front of the thigh to the knee.

20. Muscle Facts Strongest muscle in the body?
Gluteus maximus: the muscle pair of the hip that form most of the flesh of the buttocks.
Fastest-reacting muscle in the body?
Orbicularis oculi: the muscle that encircles the eye and closes the eyelid. It contracts in less than 0.01 second.
Number of muscles used to make a smile?
Seventeen.
Number of muscles used to make a frown?
Forty-three.

21. Test your muscle knowledge
Click on the link below to see how many muscles you know!!
Muscle test

22. Muscle Movement
Skeletal muscle has vast supply of nerve and blood vessels
Skeletal muscle is also termed voluntary – requires thought

23. Tendons Tough but flexible tissue that connects muscle to bone
Skeletal muscle that is responsible for movement during sporting activity – does this by working together with your bones
The white, cord-like structures are the tendons in your wrist that move your fingers

24. On the Pull! Muscles can only pull
During contractions muscle pull on bone to cause movement
Tendon transmits the force of MC to the bone
Tendons move with ease as muscles contracts

25. Many Factors!!
There are many factors that help produce MC (muscle contraction).
Can you name three?
Nutrition is often overlooked – the muscles contract and relax and these cells need chemical energy to work. We get this from the foods we eat. Carbohydrates are the main fuel provider for muscle contraction. Minerals are also essential.

26. Antagonistic pairs Prime mover (agonistic) Antagonistic
This muscle determines the movement of an action –by Contracting
Antagonistic
This muscle works with the prime mover but creates an opposing action – by relaxing

27. Antagonistic pairs – Bicep Curl
Biceps – Prime mover
Triceps – Antagonistic
Biceps – Antagonistic
Triceps – Prime Mover

28. Muscle contraction
Three types
Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric

29. Isometric Contraction
Muscle stays the same length during Contraction or when the activity is being carried out.
Name a sport/activity where isometric contraction occurs?

30. Concentric Contraction
This where the muscle shortens when performing an action
Name a sport/activity where Concentric contraction occurs?

31. Eccentric Contraction
Where the muscle lengthens under tension – ends of the muscle move further away during an action
Name a sport/activity where Eccentric contraction occurs?

33. Muscle contractions during rugby
Phase of Play
Muscle group
Prime mover
Contraction
Lock after the scrum has engaged
Arms after line out throw
Draw back of the leg as it prepares to kick the ball

34. Phase of Play Muscle group Prime mover Contraction
Lock after the scrum has engaged
Quads
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Quadriceps
Isometric
Arms after line out throw
Triceps
Biceps
Concentric
Eccentric
Draw back of the leg as it prepares to kick the ball

35. Muscle Tone
Muscle tissue never really relaxes and is in constant partial contraction – this gives muscle its shape or tone.

36. Effects of exercise Activity
In groups come up with what effects you think that exercise has on the muscular system in the short and long term?

37. Effects of exercise Short term
Increase in blood flow to the muscles exercising – increase demand for O2
Increase in demand for fuel by the muscles exercising
Increase in waste products – such as??
Lactic acid, carbon dioxide
Increase in body temperature

38. Effects of exercise Long term
Muscles become bigger and stronger – depending on type of exercise that has been undertaken
6 weeks for changes to be seen –
2 weeks for the changes to be lost if not maintained
Size and strength of muscle tissue can increase. This muscle tissue allows for fast movements to be carried out – sprint or power type activities (participation in strength type exercises)

39. THE END