1. 1 Technical and Commercial Aspects K.RAMAKRISHNA DGM, SRLDC DGM, SRLDC

2. 2 Types of Inter-connections AC links (Synchronous mode) AC links (Synchronous mode) DC Links (Asynchronous mode) DC Links (Asynchronous mode)through - HVDC line and Convertors/Invertors - HVDC line and Convertors/Invertors - HVDC Back to Back system - HVDC Back to Back system

3. 3 Features of AC links Low cost (up to some distance) Low cost (up to some distance) Increased Fault level and Inertia Increased Fault level and Inertia Synchronous operation (same frequency) Synchronous operation (same frequency) No control on Power flow No control on Power flow Fault in one Region may affect other Region Fault in one Region may affect other Region Over voltage problems Over voltage problems Huge Power is lost in Equalizing the frequencies thereby loosing the advantage in Differential frequency Huge Power is lost in Equalizing the frequencies thereby loosing the advantage in Differential frequency No run back schemes No run back schemes

4. 4 Features of DC Links Higher capital cost Higher capital cost Asynchronous operation Asynchronous operation Immunity from faults in both Regions Immunity from faults in both Regions Control on Power flow Control on Power flow Optimization through frequency Optimization through frequency Differential Differential

5. 5 High lights of various HVDC links Bypass arrangement (ex.Bhadrawati,Gazuwaka) Bypass arrangement (ex.Bhadrawati,Gazuwaka) Power order setting Power order setting Minimum Power for deblocking Minimum Power for deblocking Ramping rate variation Ramping rate variation Run Back systems / Power Demand Overrides (PDOs) Run Back systems / Power Demand Overrides (PDOs) Automatic Filter switching for Reactive power requirement Automatic Filter switching for Reactive power requirement

6. 6 TALCHER KOLAR LINK ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLD ONE OF THE LONGEST HVDC LINES IN THE WORLD DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW DESIGNED TO EVACUATE 2000 MW COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON- PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGION COMMISSIONED IN ADVANCE TO UTILISE NON- PEAK SURPLUS POWER OF EASTERN REGION COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE COMMISSIONED 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE COST INCURRED Rs 3,100 CRORES AGAINST APPROVED COST OF Rs 3,866 CRORES:- SAVING OF NEARLY 800 CRORE RUPEES COST INCURRED Rs 3,100 CRORES AGAINST APPROVED COST OF Rs 3,866 CRORES:- SAVING OF NEARLY 800 CRORE RUPEES THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES THE PROJECT HAS USED APPROXIMATELY 90,000 TONNES OF STEEL AND 16,000 KM OF CABLES

7. 7 TALCHER-KOLAR IMPORT OF 12728MUs FROM ER THROUGH TALCHER-KOLAR UPTO OCT-04 YEAR ---> 200220032004 MONTHS TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) TOTAL ENERGY (IN MU) MAX FLOW (IN MW) JAN------3118508051528 FEB------27310107011508 MAR------49113168371600 APR------47311839231500 MAY------17210266521385 JUN------2779946881416 JUL------31910757591490 AUG------34610886281341 SEP620051215337421552 OCT585005081458 8291550 NOV775004701048 DEC241750 6301383 TOTAL382 4782 7564 MAX 750 1533 1600

8. 8 Defense Mechanism Run Back scheme in Gazuwaka HVDC Power level reduces to 250MW, - If Gazuwaka East bus Voltage <320kV - If Gazuwaka ICT O/L alarm actuates - If Jeypore ICT trips - If Jeypore-Indravati Line trips Power level reduces to 150MW, - If East side frequency <49Hz and if df/dt>=-0.3 Hz./sec. if df/dt>=-0.3 Hz./sec.

9. 9 Defense Mechanism for Talcher Kolar HVDC link In case of any pole tripping, Inter-trip signal generated to trip associated AC lines at Yerraguntla(AP), Kolar, Hoody, Somanahalli(Karnataka) Sriperambadur, Salem and Hosur (TN) Mode of Oprn. Power Level for Inter-trip Mono polar >400MW and pole trips Bi-polar >800MW/pole and one pole trips Bi-polar >200MW/pole and both pole trip contd..

10. 10 Defense Mechanism for Talcher Kolar HVDC link Further PDOs at HVDc Kolar, Condition Power reduced to If only 2 lines are available 500MW If only 3 lines are available 1000MW If only 4 lines are available 1500MW

11. 11 Experience of SR in operation of IR links Congestion in associated AC network in Congestion in associated AC network in (ex. 1)Over loading of Raipur-Rourkela, (ex. 1)Over loading of Raipur-Rourkela, Raipur-Bhadravati, Chandrapur-Bhadravati in case of more import from WR. 2) Over loading of Chadrapur-Parli 2) Over loading of Chadrapur-Parli in case of more export to WR in case of more export to WR 3) Over loading of Jeypore-Jayanagar, Jeypore- Meramundali, Jeypore-Indravati, Talcher- Banjinagar(220kV), Gajuwaka-Vijayawada in case of more import from ER through Gazuwaka 3) Over loading of Jeypore-Jayanagar, Jeypore- Meramundali, Jeypore-Indravati, Talcher- Banjinagar(220kV), Gajuwaka-Vijayawada in case of more import from ER through Gazuwaka Reduced fault level at Jeypore Reduced fault level at Jeypore contd…

12. 12 Experience of SR in operation of IR links Problems in Converter transformers at Gazuwaka ( HENCE SUGGESTED FOR STANDBY CONVERTER TRANSFORMERS AT ALL THE PLACES) Problems in Converter transformers at Gazuwaka ( HENCE SUGGESTED FOR STANDBY CONVERTER TRANSFORMERS AT ALL THE PLACES) Harmonics in neutral of Kolar ICT and flow of the same in associated system Harmonics in neutral of Kolar ICT and flow of the same in associated system Over voltage at Kolar due to Switching of filters Over voltage at Kolar due to Switching of filters High losses in Monopolar- Metallic return mode. High losses in Monopolar- Metallic return mode. Annual Maintenance of Poles. Annual Maintenance of Poles. CURTAILMENT OF STOA CURTAILMENT OF STOA

13. 13 LOSSES IN HVDC SYSTEM POWER ORDER IN MW %LOSS%LOSS MAX CAPACITY MIN. CAPACITY (50MW )

14. 14

15. 15 Loss optimization IR flows can influence SR System Loss By importing more through Kolar By importing more through Kolar By exporting to WR from Ramagundam- Chandrapur Link By exporting to WR from Ramagundam- Chandrapur Link During high frequency, More import from Gazuwaka preferred. During high frequency, More import from Gazuwaka preferred.

16. 16 Losses applicable for various transactions 1. For share from ER ISGS- ER+SR losses 2. For Talcher St-II power through Kolar, - SR losses 3. For Talcher-St-II power when wheeled through Gazuwaka – ER+SR losses through Gazuwaka – ER+SR losses through Bhadravati – ER+WR+SR losses through Bhadravati – ER+WR+SR losses 4. Wheeling of ER power through SR – ER+ SR losses – ER+ SR losses

17. 17 Normative % Losses of Central sector in various Regions ER ~ 3 to 3.5% ER ~ 3 to 3.5% SR ~ 2.8 to 3.8% SR ~ 2.8 to 3.8% WR ~ 6 to 6.5% WR ~ 6 to 6.5% NR ~ 3 to 4% NR ~ 3 to 4%

18. 18 Priority of Exchanges through IR links Long Term transactions Long Term transactions (ISGS Allocation to Beneficiaries of the same region) Wheeling of ISGS share of Beneficiaries in other regions any other long term transactions approved STOA Transactions STOA Transactions

19. 19 PROCEDURE FOR CURTAILEMENT In case of transmission constraint, if curtailment is necessary then, In case of transmission constraint, if curtailment is necessary then, Short term customers first Short term customers first Long term customers next Long term customers next Within the category, OA customers have OA customers have curtailment on pro rata basis

20. 20 Commercial Aspects Metering and Scheduling points : SR-WR South Bus of HVDC Bhadravati SR-ER East Bus of HVDC Gazuwaka AC Inter connector of Talcher St-I and St-II

21. 21 TSTPP St-II scheduling and Despactch TSTPP St-II furnishes DC to SRLDC with a copy to ERLDC. TSTPP St-II furnishes DC to SRLDC with a copy to ERLDC. SRLDC to carry out rest of the Scheduling process SRLDC to carry out rest of the Scheduling process Talcher/ Gazuwaka set points to be decided in consultation with ERLDC Talcher/ Gazuwaka set points to be decided in consultation with ERLDC Talcher HVDC controlled by ERLDC. Talcher HVDC controlled by ERLDC. Gazuwaka HVDC controlled by SRLDC. Gazuwaka HVDC controlled by SRLDC. In case of Talcher Pole tripping TSTPP St-II Power wheeled through Gazuwaka/Bhadrawati In case of Talcher Pole tripping TSTPP St-II Power wheeled through Gazuwaka/Bhadrawati

22. 22 TSTPP St-II UI accounting TSTPP St-II – a SR ISGS embedded in ER system TSTPP St-II – a SR ISGS embedded in ER system TSTPP St-II UI @ ER frequency and to pay to SR pool TSTPP St-II UI @ ER frequency and to pay to SR pool Net injection of TSTPP St-II = (Talcher HVDC Energy- flow on I/C betweenTalcher St-I&II) Net injection of TSTPP St-II = (Talcher HVDC Energy- flow on I/C betweenTalcher St-I&II) Variation in TSTPPSt-II Generation results in ER-SR UI, if HVDC set point not changed Variation in TSTPPSt-II Generation results in ER-SR UI, if HVDC set point not changed Sometimes –ve UI occurs if ER – SR SCHEDULE flow is not changed in accordance with ER-SR frequency differential. Sometimes –ve UI occurs if ER – SR SCHEDULE flow is not changed in accordance with ER-SR frequency differential.

23. 23 Inter Regional UI settlement IR UI calculated by each REB at respective frequency IR UI calculated by each REB at respective frequency IR UI Payment on 1 st charge basis without pro-rata reduction/averaging out IR UI Payment on 1 st charge basis without pro-rata reduction/averaging out Importing Region to pay on lesser of the two principle. Importing Region to pay on lesser of the two principle. Differential due to difference in UI rates on a/c of frequency deposited by importing region in their IRE account. Differential due to difference in UI rates on a/c of frequency deposited by importing region in their IRE account. WR UIER UI

24. 24 IRE Settlement Such accrued amounts of IRE account to be shared on 50:50 basis between Beneficiaries of both Regions Such accrued amounts of IRE account to be shared on 50:50 basis between Beneficiaries of both Regions By way of credit in Transmission charges of CTU By way of credit in Transmission charges of CTU

25. 25 Status of IRE a/c settlement in SR & other regions 100% settled to SR constituents except for provision for Revisions 100% settled to SR constituents except for provision for Revisions Rs. 5 cr. Released WR constituents Rs. 5 cr. Released WR constituents Release to ER will start next week. Release to ER will start next week.

26. 26 INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES WR A/C DETAILS UPTO 93 WKS TILL 10/10/04 1.NET ENERGY TRANSACTION IS 146 MU (IMPORT BY SR). 2.AMOUNT ACCRUED IN SREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN WR A/C = 41.83Crs 3.AMOUNT TO BE ACCRUED IN WREB – IRE DUE TO DIFF. IN SR A/C = 27.71Crs 4.AMOUNT DUE TO SR CONSTITUENTS ON 50:50 BASIS = 34.73Crs 5.AMOUNT ALREADY DISBURSED TO SR CONSTITUENTS = 33.39Crs

27. 27 Procedure for Bidding RLDC concerned shall invite bids if transmission capacity reservation sought by short term customer is more than the availability in a particular transmission corridor The floor price of the bids for short term customer shall be about 1/4 th rate chargeable from long term customer and will be in Rupees per MW per day. If customer gets the quantum of power he has bid for – he has to pay the price quoted by ‘last’ customer. If customer gets a quantum lesser than that he has bid for – he gets to pay his bid price

28. 28