1. Chapter 12: Planning Nutritious Meals for Children Child Guidance

2. Nutrition Nutrition= the science of food and how the body uses the foods taken in. Nutrients= chemical substances in food that help build and maintain the body. There are six groups of nutrients needed for growth and maintenance. They are protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Nutrition tips from Michelle Obama

3. Teaching nutrition concepts requires a good nutrition program. A good program centers on the needs of children, including their ethnic backgrounds. Program goals should include: – Providing nutritious meals and snacks – Introducing new healthy foods – Encouraging healthy eating habits – Involving children in meal activities – Providing nutrition information to parents

4. Food also provides energy. The value of food is measured in calories. Children need more energy than adults, in relation to body weight. A very active 4 year old boy weighing 42 lbs needs about 1600 calories per day. A somewhat active 45 year old man weighing 160 lbs needs about 2600 calories per day. The child needs about 38 calories per pound while the man needs 16 calories per pound. Children’s growth is greater and they are also more active, thus they use a great deal of energy.

5. Assignment 2/18/15 Write all vocabulary words and the definition from the book. Read through page 225

6. Nutritional Problems The effects of poor nutrition on cognitive abilities have been proven in several studies. Under nutrition= not eating enough food to keep a healthful body weight and activity level. Malnutrition= a lack of proper nutrients in the diet, happens when a nutrient is absent or lacking. Signs may be irritability, bowed legs, sunken eyes, decaying teeth, fatigue.

7. Nutritional Problems Overeating= the intake of more food than needed, can cause health and emotional problems. Obesity can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, etc. Many obese children lack self esteem. Diabetes= a condition in which the body cannot properly control the level of sugar in the blood. Epidemic

8. MyPyramid A set of online tools developed by the USDA. A special version is designed specifically for children. My Plate

9. Old vs. new

10. MyPyramid What does the My Pyramid recommend for active children ages: – 2-3 – 4-8

11. Dairy – Children need at least 2 cups of milk products daily. – Children ages 2 years and younger need the fat that whole milk contains. For children over 2, low fat or fat free milk is better.

12. Grains – A child’s diet should include 6 servings of grain daily. – Choose whole grain products! Meat & Beans – Protein is the most important nutrient supplied by this group. – Beef, pork, veal, lamb, eggs, seafood, and poultry provide the highest quality of protein. – Dried beans, peas, lentils, nuts and seeds are also in this group.

13. Vegetables – Children should get 2 ½ cups of vegetables daily. – Vegetables should be served raw if children are able to chew and swallow them without choking. – Otherwise, cook them as little as possible since cooking veggies in water can lower the vitamin content.

14. Fruit – Serve fruits raw, slightly cooked, or in the form of 100% juice. – Rich sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits. – Babies eating lemons Babies eating lemons

15. Oils – Oils are found in nourishing foods like fish, peanut butter, olives, and avocados. – Limit fats and oils to the ones that provide good health! – Oil is rich in calories, especially those in solid form. Choose evoo! What is EVOO?

16. Meeting Special Nutrition Needs As a teacher, one of your tasks is helping each child meet his or her nutritional needs. Children with diabetes do not produce insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar level. Managing the planning and scheduling of snacks and meals can be a challenge. Special nutrition needs may also exist among children with allergies. An allergy is the body’s negative reaction to a particular substance. The offending substance is called an allergen…such as pollen, dust, mold, or food. The most severe allergic reaction is anaphylactic shock, which could be fatal. Offer a safe substitute and monitor food brought into classroom. Food allergies in school

17. Planning Meals Children will eat more if the food appeals to them. Variety- introduce new foods with familiar ones. Texture- Serve one soft, one crispy and one chewy food each meal. Flavor- children prefer mildly seasoned foods. Color- use colorful foods, add food coloring to applesauce or pudding! Form- serve foods in bite sized pieces. Soup may be difficult. Temperature-Variety in temperature, cold milk with cookies! Portion sizes

18. Multicultural Experiences Children should be exposed to healthful foods from different cultures. Including foods from the child’s culture will help promote cultural identity and self esteem. Share recipes with family members! Invite parents to prepare meals for class.

19. Our Multicultural Experience Culture specific - Bring a dish enough for everyone to sample. It can be something special from your culture/family Bring a copy of the recipe to share with the class

20. Breakfast The purpose of breakfast is to break the 10- 14 hour overnight fast. Breakfast provides energy for morning activities! Self-serve breakfast are popular in child care centers. This includes dry cereal, yogurt, muffins, juice and milk.

21. Lunch Minimum recommendations for lunch: – 1 milk – 2 fruits, vegetables, 100% juice, or any combination. – 1 grain source, such as bread, cereal, or noodles. – 1 meat or alternate, such as poultry, fish, soy, cheese, egg, or dry beans.

22. Snacks Provide snacks between meals to help satisfy hunger. Most programs offer a mid morning and mid afternoon snack. Schedule snacks at least 1 ½ hour before meals. Avoid junk food. Simple snacks are best like cheese and crackers!

23. Safe Foods Children may eat quickly which can cause them to choke. Avoid foods like cherries, candies, marshmallows, nuts, peanut butter, raisins, popcorn, raw celery, raw carrots, grapes and hotdogs.