1. The Internet Mr. Sutfin Room 837

2. Unit Topics: The Internet )Components of the Internet )Effective search techniques )Information Literacy )Basic HTML

3. Objectives )You will be able to demonstrate the following skills: )Describe the major events in the development of the Internet )Evaluate information found on the WWW

4. Objectives )You will be able to identify three types of search tools. )You will be able to apply effective search strategies on the World Wide Web. )Manipulate images to maximize quality while reducing file size )You will be be able to list and describe several aspects of the Internet. )You will be able to describe the technology needed to connect to the Internet. )You will be able to explain the parts of a URL. )You will be able to use web browsers and other Internet tools to access information on the web.

5. Vocabulary )hyperlink )Internet )world wide web )URL )domain )Internet Protocol )ftp )WYSIWYG )html )browser )ISP )dial-up )dedicated connection )gif )jpeg

6. Start-up In your composition book write down 5 things that you know about the Internet.

7. Components of the Internet

8. The Internet I.The Internet. A.Definition-A network of networks connecting a vast number of computers from around the world. B.Internet Protocols 1.Definition- a set of rules that govern the working of the Internet. 2.Examples a)http a)Protocol for the WWW b)hypertext transfer protocol c)Rules for the transfer of hypertext files b)FTP a)file transfer protocol b)Rules for transferring large files

9. The Internet C.Hardware of the Internet 1.Client Computers a)Computers generally found in homes 2.Server Computers a)Computers used to provide services on the Internet 3.Routers / Hubs / Switches a)Equipment that manages the flow of information around the Internet 4.Wire a)Fiber Optic b)Copper c)Wireless 5.Network device a)Modem:A Modulator/Demodulator (MoDem)that communicates with the network b)NIC Card:Network interface card-communicates with the network

10. Aspects of the Internet )World Wide Web- Hypertext based )Newsgroups (Usenet)- online discussions )File Transfer Protocol-Sharing files on the Internet )eMail-text communication between computers )Telnet-live text based connection to a computer

11. The Internet ftp File sharing http WWW eMail Telnet Usenet Newsgroups

12. Aspects of the Internet: World Wide Web )This is commonly referred to as the Internet however the WWW is only part of the Internet. )To access the WWW you must use a browser of some sort. There are many to choose from but the most popular are Netscape and Internet Explorer. )The WWW employs a protocol called http or hypertext transfer protocol.

13. Aspects of the Internet: Newsgroups )Newsgroups are similar to message boards on the WWW. People are allowed to post messages that discuss a wide range of topics. )A discussion group will typically deal with one specific topic. (ex. Filemaker Pro CDML) )Newsgroups use a portion of the Internet called Usenet.

14. Aspects of the Internet: File Transfer Protocol )A client/server protocol for exchanging files with a host computer. )Using a client application, a user logs into a server to add files to the server or retrieve files.

15. Aspects of the Internet: Wide Area Information Services )WAIS is a search engine developed for the Internet. It allows one to search the complete text of a document.

16. Aspects of the Internet: Gopher )A document retrieval system from the University of Minnesota. Using Gopher, a user can access files from many different computers by looking through hierarchical menus to find specific topics. A document may be text, sound, image, or other type file. )A program called Jughead can be used to search for topics found within Gopher files. Gopher sites can now be accessed through the World Wide Web.

17. Aspects of the Internet: Telnet )A text based method of connecting to and managing a computer on a network.

18. What’s in a name? )The URL (uniform resource locator) is just a technical word that means the address to a web page on the WWW. )A domain name is one example of an URL. (www.yahoo.com)www.yahoo.com )http://www tells the browser that the document is located on a web pagehttp://www ).com,.edu,.net and others are the domain extension What is a web Address?

19. Examples of Internet Domains http://www.yahoo.com ftp://abcdomain.com Internet protocol Internet designation domain name domain extension

20. Internet Protocol Def. a set of rules or standard designed so that computers can exchange information with a minimum of errors. Examples: http, ftp, telnet, gopher, http://www.yahoo.com

21. Internet Designation )Additional information that provides more information about a web address. )Example: www http://www.yahoo.com

22. Domain Name )This is the specific name that has been registered by an individual or corporation. )Examples: sutfin.com http://www.yahoo.com

23. Domain Extension )Describes the type of domain. )Domain types are typically reserved for specific categories of organizations. )Examples include:.com.net.org http://www.yahoo.com

24. Major Domain Extensions.com - typically used for commercial companies who offer goods on the Internet or.org - typically reserved for non-profit organizations.net - typically reserved for companies that provide network services.edu - reserved for higher education organizations typically four year universities.gov - reserved for government offices

25. Additional Domain name extensions ae United Arab Emirates ai Anguilla ar Argentine Republic arpa Advanced Projects Research Agency at Austria au Australia be Belgium bg Bulgaria bh Finland bm Bermuda bo Bolivia br Brazil ca Canada ch Switzerland cl Chile cn People's Republic of China co Colombia com Commercial cr Costa Rica cy Cyprus cz Czech Republic de Federal Republic of Germany dk Denmark do Dominican Republic ec Ecuador edu Education ee Estonia eg Arab Republic of Egypt es Spain fi Finland fj Fiji fo Faroe Islands fr France gb Great Britain ge Georgia gl Greenland gov Government gr Greece gu Guam hk Hong Kong (Hisiangkang, Xianggang) hr Croatia / Hrvatska hu Hungary id Indonesia ie Ireland

26. Additional Domain name extensions il Israel in India int International is Iceland it Italian Republic jm Jamaica jo The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan jp Japan kr Korea kw Kuwait ky Cayman Islands kz Kazakhstan lc Saint Lucia li Principality of Liechtenstein lt Lithuania lu Grand Duchy of Luxembourg lv Latvia mil Military mo Macau (Ao-me'n) mt Malta mx United Mexican States my Malaysia net Network ni Nicaragua nl Netherlands no Norway nz New Zealand org Organization pa Panama pe Peru ph Philippines pl Poland pt Portuguese Republic ro Romainia ru Russian Federation se Sweden sg Singapore si Slovenia sk Slovakia su Union of Soviet Socialist Republics th Thailand tr Turkey tt Trinidad & Tobago tw Taiwan ua Ukraine ug Uganda uk United Kingdom of Great Britain us United States of America uy Uruguay ve Venezuela za South Africa zm Zambia

27. World Wide Web History

28. The Web I.Accessible to anyone with an Internet connection II.Content of the web A.Text B.Audio C.Video D.Hyperlinks 1.Usually blue and underlined 2.Clicking on a hyperlink takes you to information that is associated with the current web page. E.Multimedia III.Began in 1989

29. The Web III.Began in 1989 A.Tim Berners-Lee proposed the idea of the web to CERN IV.1993 A.Web declared open to anyone who would like to use it. B.Marc Andreessen introduced Mosaic™ 1.Mosaic is the first graphical web browser 2.Later became Netscape.

30. How URL’s Work I.URL A.Uniform Resource Locator B.The address for a place on the WWW. C.Uses names instead of numbers ex. www.yahoo.com and not 192.168.123.120www.yahoo.com II.User types the address (URL) of a web site into the location area in a browser and presses return. III.The browser then submits the information to your internet service provider (ISP) ie Earthlink or AOL

31. How URL’s Work IV.The information reaches a DNS (domain name server) V.The DNS translates the URL into a corresponding IP address. A.IP stands for Internet Protocol B.IP address is a four part number for a specific computer on the internet. Ex. 12.22.118.3 VI.If there is a corresponding IP then the browser is sent the page that has been requested. VII.If there is no IP that matches then an error is sent to the browser

32. Getting Connected )Connection types )Dial up )Dedicated )Service Providers )ISPs can be very large corporations or run by a local business )Browser )There are many to choose from. Each has strengths and weaknesses.

33. Getting Connected: Dial-Up )Dial-up:requires a modem to connect to the network through telephone lines. )This requires the data signal to be changed to and from analogue. )Speeds up to 56kbps

34. Getting Connected: Dedicated )Dedicated Connection: directly connected to the network. No need for a phone modem nor telephone company. )Speeds up to and beyond 1.5 mbps (1500kbps)

35. Service Providers Def.- A service provider is a company that gives you access to the internet. The money you pay this company allows you to dial-up a connection to the Internet or provides the equipment that you use to connect to the Internet. )Earthlink )AOL )NetZero

36. Browsers Your window to the Internet.

37. A browser is a program that allows you to view pages on the WWW. It is the program that reads html so that you can view the page. You can think of it as a ‘window’ to the WWW. Browsers

38. Netscape

39. You will find many of the same features here. Instead of bookmarks, you have “Favorites.” There is also a “History” tab that will allow you to see where you have been. Internet Explorer

40. Opera

41. AOL

42. NeoPlanet

43. )Back Button-Takes you back to the previous page. If you hold your mouse down on the back button you get a list of all the websites you have visited during the current session. )Forward Button- The opposite of the back button. )Home- What ever home page your service provider defaults to. You can change this. )Location- This is where the address or URL is displayed. You can type an address here. )Search Button- One way to search, Netscape uses “Excite” as its search engine )Reload Button-Clicking this causes the page to reload and show any changes. Holding shift and reload tells the browser to skip the cache and get the newest page on the server.

44. )Menu items: )File - print, save )Edit - copy, paste,search option )View - The way things look )Go - back, home, all web sites during current session )Bookmarks - Add a bookmark, see list of bookmarks, edit bookmarks. )Communicator - This will take you to other parts of the program. )Help

45. )When ever you click on something, and the browser takes you somewhere, you have clicked on a link. A link can be a word, a picture, a button, etc. Links can be thought of as connections to associated information. )Clicking on a link takes you either to another web page on the same web site, or to another web site altogether. Links

46. )Bookmarks offer a convenient means to retrieve pages whose locations (URLs) you've saved. You store your bookmarks in a list that's saved on your hard disk. Once you add a bookmark to your list, the item stays until you remove it. Bookmarks

47. Searching How do I find it on the World Wide Web?

48. Objectives )You will be able to refine a search using specific techniques such as field searches, phrase searches, and boolean terms. )You will be able to identify three different types of search tools and utilize them for different searches.

49. Effective Searches on the Internet 1.Identify terms about your topic. 2.Select a search tool. 3.Decide on Search Strategies. 4.Evaluate results. 5.Return to step 1 if needed.

50. Three types of search tools. )Directory )Search Engine )Metasearch Engines

51. Three types of search tools: Directory )A Subject directory is a site that has a collection of links that were added by people. )The site organizes content by subject. )Examples: http://www.lii.org/, www.vlib.org/

52. Types of search tools: Search Engine )A ‘true’ search engine is a searchable database of Internet keywords collected by a computer program called a bot or spider. )Examples: www.google.com, http://www.altavista.com

53. Three types of search tools: Meta Search )A metasearch tool uses directories and true search engines to gather information. )This tool will give you more results in searches. )Useful for hard to find topics where a large number of results are desired. )Examples www.metacrawler.com, www.metaseek.com, www.mamma.com

54. Search Tool Activity:In note book )Go to Google.com and perform a search on Abraham Lincoln. )Go to lii.org and perform the same search. )Go to metacrawler.com and perform the same search )Look at the results and identify one difference in each search tool.

55. Search Techniques )There are some techniques when using search engines or directories that will make searches more efficient. What many people don’t realize, is that the techniques vary from one search engine to the next.

56. Search Techniques )Boolean terms (and, or, not) )Phrase (quotes) )Field search(allows searches for special fields on a web page) )Case sensitivity (apply case as appropriate)

57. Boolean Logic )Many (but not all) Search Engines support Boolean Logic... )It consists of three logical operators… )OR )AND )NOT OR Searches for anything containing either word AND Searches for sites containing both words NOT Searches for sites containing one of the words but eliminating sites containing the other word

58. Boolean Logic: Examples ORAND NOT Type in: College OR University Results: College: 17,320,770 sites University: 33,685,202 sites College OR University: 42,566,800 sites Results: College: 17,320,770 sites University: 33,685,202 sites College AND University: 2,599 sites Results: College: 17,320,770 sites University: 33,685,202 sites College NOT University: 12,600 sites Type in: College AND University Type in: College NOT University

59. How to Use Boolean Logic )I need information about cats: )Search:cats OR felines )Search: cats felines )I’m interested in dyslexia in adults: )Search:dyslexia AND adults )Search:+dyslexia +adults )I’m interested in radiation, but not nuclear radiation: )Search: radiation NOT nuclear )Search: radiation -nuclear )I want to learn about cat behavior: )Search:(cats OR felines) AND behavior )Search:cats felines +behavior )Use of parentheses in the search is know as “forcing the order of processing.”

60. Phrase Searching )Using quotation marks around a phrase can narrow down a search. )Use quotation marks when the words should stay together in the order you typed them. )Examples: )Search: “Abraham Lincoln” will find results with the president’s name. If you just search abraham lincoln, you will get results that include any abraham and any lincoln. )Search: “math lesson plans” )Search: “space shuttle” )Some search engines allow ‘natural speech’ questions.

61. Case Sensitivity Searching )Many Search Engines are case sensitive. That means that capitalizing a word will command the engine to only look for a proper noun, thus narrowing your search. CAPITALIZATION- Bill, bill, Gates, gates, Digital, digital, Lotus, lotus

62. Field Searching )A FIELD is a place on a web site. For example, the title of the site is in a field, the address of the site has a field, a picture has a field, etc. )You can search a field if you are looking for something very specific. If you know the name of the web site for example, or if you are just looking for pictures of tigers...

63. Field Searching... )In the search box type… )title:welcome to Adobe Golive )image:tiger )anchor:click for HyperStudio stacks )An anchor is any command that might be found on a web site. This search will give you all the sites that have this command somewhere on them. This example will enable you to find many HyperStudio stacks.

64. Field Searching... )domain:edu )Domain is the type of server: )Commercial=.com educational=.edu Government=.gov nonprofit=.org )host:microsoft.com )Link:www.santacruz.k12.ca.us )Url:flag

65. Search Technique Strategy:In notebook )Perform a phrase search, a field search (title:), and a boolean search(use AND) for Abraham Lincoln )List the number of results for each search )What note does google give you when you use AND in the search?

66. Information Literacy Addressing a new challenge in society.

67. Why is this important? )Provide individuals with the intellectual tools necessary to manage the mass of information that doubles every two years. )Allows people to filter out what is important and valuable. )Allows people to make informed decisions.

68. Definition: Information Literacy )information(noun.)-a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn )literacy(noun.)- the ability to read and write. )literate(adj.)- able to read and write )When educators teach literacy the goal is to get students to read and write.

69. Clarification )In reading and writing students take letters and words and transform them into meaning. )Information Literacy is the process of evaluating facts to discover their meaning. )It also includes the application of facts to make meaning.

70. Evaluating Web Pages:Four Questions to ask. )Does the author have the credentials to write about the subject? )How important is the currency of the information? )Do other web sites, with different domains, support the information? )Is the information presented with one point of view?

71. Information Literacy: Evaluation )Determining the quality of information. )Authority-Who is the author/source? )Accuracy-Is the information supported by facts? )Objectivity-What is the authors point of view? )Currency-What information is date dependent?

72. Evaluation : Authority )Credentials )Expressed author/author who claims work )Access to the author/ ability to verify credentials )References to other credible works )Why do you trust the creator of the document?

73. Evaluation: Accuracy )Conclusions/Points are supported by facts. )Facts can be verified by outside resources. )Check for clues of questionable work (spelling errors, grammatical errors, and other typographical errors) )Can you verify the information?

74. Evaluation : Objectivity )Are the authors opinions clear? )Acknowledges other points of view. )Is there a personal or group agenda behind the document? )What other points of view are there on the subject?

75. Evaluation : Currency )Information is current as indicated by dates or references to current sources. )Are there efforts to keep the content up to date? )How much of the content is dependent on the date? )When was the document created?

76. Information Literacy: Application The application of this knowledge should occur in all of your significant works. Whenever you are able to provide supporting evidence of a position, your ideas will more easily be accepted in a reflective culture. Opinions and casual debates are frequently offered with little or no supporting evidence and are flawed logically.

77. Information Literacy: Application To be credible you must: )Authority-Become educated about the topic. )Accuracy-Support your information with facts from a variety of sources. )Objectivity-Acknowledge other points of view. )Currency-Use the most recent data that you can find.

78. Information Literacy: Application )Productively contribute to a body of information. )Use information accurately in products. )Locates information efficiently )Present information with the necessary objectivity.

79. Internet focus )While these principles apply to many areas they seem most relative to the internet where good and bad information can be easily found. )There are several strategies to collecting and verifying information from the web.

80. Effective Web Page Design

81. Effective Design Rubric Text (20% of grade)  Background does not interrupt text  Text is large enough to read (but not too big)  Page hierarchy is clear  Text columns are not too wide. Less than that of a book. )http://scholar.coe.uwf.edu/wbi2000/students/aleak e/goodbad/bad.htm

82. Effective Design Rubric Navigation (20% of grade)  Navigation is apparent and easy to use.  The use of frames enhances content. They are not obtrusive.  There exists an index for large sites  Navigation lets the user know where they are on the site  Example: http://www.artcenter.edu/

83. Effective Design Rubric Links (10% of grade)  Link colors coordinate with page colors  Links are clear to visitors. (underlined, usually blue) )http://scholar.coe.uwf.edu/wbi2000/students/aleak e/goodbad/bad.htm

84. Effective Design Rubric Graphics ( 25% of grade )  Buttons are appropriate for the page.  Graphics have and alt label  every graphic has a matching text link.  Graphics and backgrounds use browser safe colors  Animated graphics turn off by themselves )http://scholar.coe.uwf.edu/wbi2000/students/aleake/good bad/bad.htm

85. Effective Design Rubric General Design ( 25% of grade )  Pages download quickly  home page fits into 17 inch screen (800x600)  All other pages have the important information in 800 x 600 pixel screen  graphics elements are well used to keep content interesting.  There exists consistency in page design. All pages look like they belong to the same site.

86. Types of web pages )Personal web pages )Scholarly works )Professional pages

87. Reading Assignment )Read and outline the short article “How the world Wide Web Works”. ( in the same packet) )You should be able to draw a diagram that represents the user, ISP,Regional ISP, National ISP’s, DNS, and destination server. Accompanying the diagram should be a description of the events that occur when someone enters a URL into a browser.This should be done in 15 minutes.

88. Objective )You should be able to identify 10 people, organizations, and/or technologies that have been developed between 1945 and 2000 and place them in a timeline.

89. Quiz )Draw a diagram that represents the user, ISP,Regional ISP, National ISP’s, DNS, and destination server. Accompanying the diagram should be a description of the events that occur when someone enters a URL into a browser.This should be done in 15 minutes.

90. Reading Assignment:Jig Saw )Read and take notes on the article “Untangling the Web” )I will expect you to create to scale a timeline with a piece of paper and pencil from 1945 until 2000 that details the people, organizations, and technology that have been developed in that time. You should also be able to clearly explain the difference between the Internet and the WWW.