1. Supervisor Ebtsam AbdelHakam ebtsamabd@gmail.com Department of Computer Science Najran University 24/2/2014 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 1

2. » Method overloading » Method overloading benefits » Constructor overloading » Using objects as parameter 24/2/2014 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 2

3. 3 ● Method overloading is to define two or more methods within the same class that share the same name, as long as their parameter declarations are different. ● Method overloading is one of the ways that Java supports polymorphism. ● When an overloaded method is invoked, Java uses the type and/or number of arguments as its guide to determine which version of the overloaded method to actually call. ● Thus, overloaded methods must differ in the type and/or number of their parameters. ● While overloaded methods may have different return types, the return type alone is insufficient to distinguish two versions of a method. ● When Java encounters a call to an overloaded method, it simply executes the version of the method whose parameters match the arguments used in the call. 24/2/2014

4. 4 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

5. 5 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

6. 6 Ebtsam Abdelhakam ● The value of overloading is that it allows related methods to be accessed by use of a common name. ● As you can see, test( ) is overloaded four times. ● The first version takes no parameters, the second takes one integer parameter, the third takes two integer parameters, and the fourth takes one double parameter. ● The fact that the fourth version of test( ) also returns a value is of no consequence relative to overloading, since return types do not play a role in overload resolution. 24/2/2014

7. 7 Ebtsam Abdelhakam ● Method overloading is an applying to polymorphism concept. ● The value of overloading is that it allows related methods to be accessed by use of a common name. ● It is left to the compiler to choose the right specific version for a particular circumstance. ● For example, you can use the name sqrt to create methods that return the square of an integer and the square root of a floating- point value. 24/2/2014

8. Ebtsam Abdelhakam 8

9. 9 ● As you can see, the Box(,, ) constructor requires three parameters. ● This means that all declarations of Box objects must pass three arguments to the Box() constructor. ● For example, the following statement is currently invalid: ● Box ob = new Box(); ● Since Box() requires three arguments, it’s an error to call it without them. ● Note that default constructor Box() can't be called, when you define your constructor. 24/2/2014

10. 10 Ebtsam Abdelhakam ● In addition to overloading normal methods, you can also overload constructor methods. ● Constructor overloading: Same constructor declared with different parameters in the same class. ● Compiler differentiates which constructor is to be called depending upon the number of parameters and their sequence of data types. 24/2/2014

11. 11 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

12. 12 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

13. 13 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

14. 14 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

15. 15 Ebtsam Abdelhakam ● One of the most common uses of object parameters involves constructors. ● Frequently, you will want to construct a new object so that it is initially the same as some existing object. ● To do this, you must define a constructor that takes an object of its class as a parameter. 24/2/2014

16. 16 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

17. 17 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 24/2/2014

18. » Suppose by accessing one constructor, the programmer may require the functionality of other constructors also but by creating one object only. » "this()" is used to access one constructor from another "within the same class". Depending on the parameters supplied, the suitable constructor is accessed. 24/2/2014 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 18

19. » If included, this() statement must be the first one in the constructor. You cannot write anything before this() in the constructor. » With the above rule, there cannot be two this() statements in the same constructor (because both cannot be the first). » this() must be used with constructors only, that too to call the same class constructor (but not super class constructor). 24/2/2014 Ebtsam Abdelhakam 19