1. WATER LOGGING & SALINITY
CONTROL

2. Water logging & its control Salinity & its control
Contents
Water logging & its control
Salinity & its control

3. 1-Water Logging & its Control

4. WATER LOGGING & ITS CONTROL
If water table rise to such a level through capillary action to the surface & root zone, that it cannot conveniently permit an anticipated activity this situation is called WATER LOGGING

6. Causes of Water Logging
Inadequate surface Drainage
Seepage from canal system
Over irrigation of fields
Obstruction of natural drainage
Impermeable clay layer below the soil

7. Continued Obliteration of natural drainage
Inadequate capacity for arterial drainage
Construction of a water reservoir
Natural obstruction to the flow of ground water

8. Effect of Water Logging
Inhabiting activity of soil bacteria.
Decrease in available capillary water
Fall in soil temperature
Defective air circulation
    Rise of salt   

9. Continued Growth of flora Adverse effects on community health
Delay in cultivation operations
     Growth of flora
Adverse effects on community health
Less availability of oxygen

10. Measures to Control Water Logging
Preventive measures
Curative measures

11. Preventive Measures

12. Reducing percolation from canals. Restriction of irrigation.
Providing efficient surface Drainage.
Reducing percolation from canals.
Restriction of irrigation.
Adoption of sprinkler method for irrigation
Removing obstructions in natural drainage.
Changes in crop pattern.

13. Re-modeling of Surface Drains

14. Canal Lining

15. Curative Measures

16. Providing a vertical drainage system

17. Providing a horizontal drainage system

18. TYPICAL LAYOUT OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM

19. 2-SALINITY & ITS CONTROL

20. Salinity
If the concentration of harmful salts in the root zone of a plant increases to such on extent that plant growth is effected, this situation is called Salinity.

22. Causes of Salinity
The factors contributing towards the problem of salinity are almost same as that of water logging.
Every agricultural soil has certain mineral salt is also called alkali salts in it like NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2 SO4 etc.

23. Continued
When these soluble alkali salts are excess in soil and further ground water table is very near to ground, these salts get mixed with ground water and with upward movement of   water not only accumulated in first 3~4ft of soil layer below ground surface but also form a tin 2”~3” crust on surface.

25. Effects of Salinity Corrosive Action to Plants.
Formation of Alkali Soil.

26. Measures To Control Salinity
Preventive Measures
Curative Measures

27. Preventive Measures

28. Preventive Measures Controlled Irrigation.
Providing adequate surface drainage.
Allowing lower intensity of irrigation.
Reducing surface evaporation.
Not using alkaline water for irrigation purpose.

29. Curative Measures

30. Curative Measures Treatment by Leaching Process Chemical Treatment
Treatment by Mulching

31. Treatment by Leaching Process
Leaching is the process of extracting minerals from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid, either in nature or through an industrial process. In the chemical processing industry, leaching has a variety of commercial applications, including separation of metal from ore using acid, and sugar from beets using hot water.
Step 01.
Providing adequate sub surface artificial drainage.
Step 02.
Leaching salts from the top 3~4ft of soil to ground water table by flooding the land.

32. Step 03.
Growing salt resistant crops (e.g. rice) for one or two seasons.

33. Chemical Treatment
PRINCIPLE
Mixing gypsum CaSO4 1 ton/acre) with salt effected soil in presence of water.
CaSO4+Na2CO > Na2So4 +CaO +CO

34. Treatment by Mulching
Mulch is simply a protective layer of a material that is spread on top of the soil. Mulches can either be organic -- such as grass clippings, straw, bark chips, and similar materials -- or inorganic -- such as stones, brick chips, and plastic
It involves covering the effected land with a covering of soil (Mulch) to reduce evaporation losses.