1. Southwest Asia Nationalism 14.4 India and SW Asia Paul Chang

2. Table of Contents Spread of Nationalism in SW Asia Republic of Turkey - Mustafa Kemal Iran Saudi Arabia SW Asia’s Oil Resources Related pictures

3. Spread of Nationalism in SW Asia After World War I, people of Southwest Asia also fought for independence. Ottoman Empire broke, and growing Western interest in SW Asia rose the nationalism in this region.

4. Republic of Turkey After World War I, Turkey was the only remain of Ottoman Empire. Greek soldiers invaded Turkey and tried to conquer. The Turkish sultan was too weak to resist. Mustafa Kemal overthrew the sultan and became the president of ‘Republic of Turkey.’Mustafa Kemal

5. Previously, he was an army commander. Allies defeated Ottoman Empire Mustafa led the Turkish Independence movement. His successful military campaigns led to the liberation of the country and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. He implemented what are known as Atatürk's Reforms, and modernized Turkey He is revered by the Turkish people as the Father of the Nation.

6. Iran Britain and Russia had spheres of influence in Persia Britain tried to take over all of Persia A Persian nationalist, Reza Shah Pahlavi, revolted. He modernized Persia by establishing public schools, building railroads and industrializing the country. He changed the country’s name to Iran Unlike Kemal, he seized all the power by himself.

7. Saudi Arabia In 1902, Ibn Saud, successfully unified Arabia He renamed the kingdom Saudi Arabia. This country strictly followed Islamic law, Ex) Alcohol was limited. Only religiously acceptable areas were modernized.

8. SW Asia’s Oil Resources Southwest Asia had natural oil resource Oil resource led Europeans' oil explorations. Europe invested huge money to develop these oil fields. This important resource led to Southwest Asia's dramatic economic changes. Also this resource encouraged Western nations to try to conquer the region.

9. Related pictures <-Oil field in SW Asia Map of Saudi Arabia oil industry

10. Related pictures Bush’s desire for Iran oil. Iran’s oil production

11. A couple of oil related cartoons by cartoonist Mike Luckovich Bush’s threat to Iran SW Asia Oil related cartoons