1. Chapter 2 Polynomial and Rational Functions

2. Warm Up 2.5 2

3. 2.5 The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Objectives:  Use the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to determine the number of zeros of a polynomial function.  Find all zeros of polynomial functions, including complex zeros.  Find conjugate pairs of complex zeros.  Find zeros of polynomials by factoring. 3

4. The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra  In the complex number system, every polynomial of degree n has exactly n zeros.  The zeros may be real or complex and they may repeat. 4

5. Linear Factorization Theorem  A polynomial of degree n has exactly n linear factors.  The function f (x) can be written in the form  where c 1, c 2, …., c n are complex numbers.  Note: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra and the Linear Factorization Theorem do not tell us how to find the zeros and factors. They just tell us that the zeros and factors exist. 5

6. Example  Justify that the third-degree polynomial function has exactly three zeros: 6

7. Example  Write as the product of linear factors, and list all the zeros of f.  Find the possible rational zeros of f.  Use the graph to identify likely candidates.  Use synthetic division to identify and verify that one of these is actually a zero of f.  Factor the function completely and list the zeros. 7

8. Example  Write as the product of linear factors, and list all the zeros of f.  Find the possible rational zeros of f.  Use the graph to identify likely candidates.  Use synthetic division to identify and verify that one of these is actually a zero of f.  Factor the function completely and list the zeros. 8

9. Conjugate Pairs  Complex zeros occur in conjugate pairs.  That is, if a + bi is a zero of a polynomial f, then a – bi is also a zero of f.  This is true only for functions that have real coefficients. 9

10. Example  Find a fourth-degree polynomial function with real coefficients that has –1, –1, and 3i as zeros. 10

11. Factors of a Polynomial  The factors of a polynomial can be written as linear complex factors.  Or, the factors can be written as linear and quadratic factors, when the quadratic factors have no real zeros. 11

12. Example  Write the polynomial as the product of linear factors and quadratic factors in simplest (real) form. Then factor completely. 12

13. Example  Find all zeros of the function given that 1 + 3i is a zero of f. 13

14. Homework 2.5  Worksheet 2.5 # 1 – 9 odd # 25, 31, 33, 37, 39, 45, 49, 57 14