1. Ion Channels as pores…..

6. High capacitance of the PL bilayer is attributed to the small length of the H-C chains (space between the parallel plates).

7. Basic Electricity to Understand Biological Signals

9. The outer shell – loss or gain of electrons is the foundation of Electronic Theory What are the analogous biological membrane components for a basic circuit?

10. Electron Theory Positive to Negative is the convention attributed to Ben Franklin, yet is not reality

11. Ohm’s Law is most widely used physical law in electrophysiology

12. Which is the biological circuit? Why?

13. The Membrane As a Capacitor

15. How does the capacitance affect the voltage response? How do you calculate capacitance? How can capacitance determine size of the cell?

16. Potential difference driven by ion composition and ATPase pumps

18. The Nernst Equation

19. The Goldman Equation

20. What Do Current Voltage Relationships Tell us about Selectivity and Ion Channel Properties?