2.  Historical view:  1940’s-Vacuum tubes  1947-Transistors invented by willliam shockely & team  1959-Integrated chips invented by Texas Instrument which have Number of electrical components (Diode, capacitors,…) and transistor fabricated in a silicon material.  1965-Gradman moore wrote an article “ Cramming more components onto IC”, in that he proved we can fabricate 32-Transistors in a IC.  1965-Moore’s Law formed “Components Density on a IC would double every year”  1966-Moore manufactured 64- Transistors on a IC. Iyapparaja M/SITE2

3.  1967-He found that, component density won’t double every year. So he reframed the law as  “ Components density on a IC would double every 18 months”  Later,  1971-First Microprocessor(4004) developed by Intel  IC :- CPU-on-a-Chip Iyapparaja M/SITE3 ALU + Registers + Timer + Control Unit + Interface Unit

4.  A Microprocessor is a general purpose processor when a large embedded software has to be located in the external memory chip.  4004-IC mainly used to make Calculator(Busicom)  Later,  Many corporates were start developing 4004 IC for the same modern electronic calculator. Iyapparaja M/SITE4

5.  1976-First micro controller (8048) invented by Intel  A microcontroller is an integrated chip that has processor, memory and several hardware units fabricated on to a chip.  It also called as “ Computer-on-a-chip”  IC : Iyapparaja M/SITE5 CPU + RAM + ROM + I/O Ports + Timer/counter + Serial Ports+…

6. Iyapparaja M/SITE6 A microcontroller is an entire computer manufactured on a single chip. They have a high concentration of on- chip facilities such as serial ports, parallel input/output ports, timers, counters, interrupt control, analog-to-digital converters, random access memory, read only memory, etc.

7. Iyapparaja M/SITE7

8.  1971-4004-Intel 8008 8080 (1976)8085  Iyapparaja M/SITE8 Embedded Processor 8048(1976), 8051(1980), 8096 (1985),… General Purpose Processor 8086 (16-bit), 8088 80286 80386(32-bit) 80486(Cache) Pentium Itenium Special purpose Processor DSP 2920 (Intel),TMS 320 ( Texas), Communication processors,…

9.  Small size  Low cost  High Reliability  Low power consumption  High versatility  High Power Iyapparaja M/SITE9

10. 10 Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller Microprocessor  Collection of on/off SWI on Silicon for computations  CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate  designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports.  Expandable  Expensive  High Speed (1000 MIPS)  General purpose and Versatile  Large Architecture (32b, 64b)  Lots of IO and Peripherals externally connected Microcontroller  Small and self-suffice SoC to control devices  CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip  fix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports  Not Expandable – no external bus interface  for applications in which cost, power and space are critical  Low speed, on the order of 10 KHz – 20 MHz  single-purpose  Small usually an 8b  Limited IO, enough for intended app