1. Grocery Store Issues RTF April 10, 2007

3. Need Recommendations PECI: Energy Smart Grocer Program Savings method for interactive measures Savings method for interactive measures Unitized savings using simplified methodology Unitized savings using simplified methodology Load shapes for savings Load shapes for savings Measure lives Measure lives Sub Committee to: Sub Committee to: Scope out evaluation plan & protocols Scope out evaluation plan & protocols Design empirical testing for Auto-closer, Door Gasket, Strip Curtains Design empirical testing for Auto-closer, Door Gasket, Strip Curtains

4. Measure Savings PECI calculator reviewed by Cascade Engineering and RTF sub committee PECI calculator reviewed by Cascade Engineering and RTF sub committee Eight recommendations for improvement Eight recommendations for improvement Seven adopted plus other improvements Seven adopted plus other improvements Final Cascade recommendation to review Final Cascade recommendation to review Some new measures not reviewed by Cascade Some new measures not reviewed by Cascade Review of savings for unitized measures Review of savings for unitized measures

5. Interactive Measures Segue to slides from PECI Segue to slides from PECI PECI Interactive Adjust.ppt PECI Interactive Adjust.pptInteractive

6. Unitized Savings 36 Measures with simplified unit savings 36 Measures with simplified unit savings Savings derived from calculations Savings derived from calculations Used for measures with relatively consistent savings Used for measures with relatively consistent savings Little value to model savings Little value to model savings Savings per unit and number of units Savings per unit and number of units Example: kWh / linear foot case * linear feet case Example: kWh / linear foot case * linear feet case Methods reviewed by Cascade Engineering & RTF staff Methods reviewed by Cascade Engineering & RTF staff Comparative analysis in: ESG Measures.xls\Measures Comparative analysis in: ESG Measures.xls\Measures

7. Unitized Savings Issues Savings for anti-sweat heaters in medium temp Savings for anti-sweat heaters in medium temp Assumptions for door auto-closer savings Assumptions for door auto-closer savings Savings & methodology for door gaskets Savings & methodology for door gaskets Assumptions and methods for strip curtains Assumptions and methods for strip curtains Review comparative analysis in: Review comparative analysis in: ESG Measures.xls\Measures ESG Measures.xls\Measures

8. Unitized Savings: Anti-Sweat Heater Control Turn off resistance heaters when not needed Turn off resistance heaters when not needed Humidity or timer control Humidity or timer control Compared PECI savings estimates to BPA findings on NRM installations Compared PECI savings estimates to BPA findings on NRM installations Comparable for low-temp cases Comparable for low-temp cases PECI savings low for medium temp (46 versus 330 kWh per year per linear foot case) PECI savings low for medium temp (46 versus 330 kWh per year per linear foot case) Post-install duty cycle differences Post-install duty cycle differences

9. Unitized Savings: Auto Closers Assures door gets closed if left open or ajar Assures door gets closed if left open or ajar Door intentionally open 3 hours per day (1095/year) Door intentionally open 3 hours per day (1095/year) Ajar 25% of remaining hours (1915/year) Ajar 25% of remaining hours (1915/year) Savings based on closing door these hours Savings based on closing door these hours Heat loss by ASHRAE Open Door Method Heat loss by ASHRAE Open Door Method Effective opening approx 3 to 4 inch opening Effective opening approx 3 to 4 inch opening No comprehensive data on door openings No comprehensive data on door openings BPA data on two cafeteria walk-ins show much lower opening times (one hour/day &.29 hour/day) BPA data on two cafeteria walk-ins show much lower opening times (one hour/day &.29 hour/day)

10. Unitized Savings: Gaskets Damaged gaskets = infiltration Damaged gaskets = infiltration Hours 8760 minus open time minus ajar time Hours 8760 minus open time minus ajar time 5750 hours for gasket savings 5750 hours for gasket savings Gasket prevents 2% of open door heat loss Gasket prevents 2% of open door heat loss ASHRAE Open Door (2006 Chap 13.4 equation 12) ASHRAE Open Door (2006 Chap 13.4 equation 12) PECI revised savings downward 12-25% PECI revised savings downward 12-25% Ambient conditions, door size, effectiveness Ambient conditions, door size, effectiveness Savings now maximum of 2% of case load Savings now maximum of 2% of case load

11. Unitized Savings: Strip Curtains No savings in BPA program due to uncertainty No savings in BPA program due to uncertainty Monitored data on one store showed increase energy use Monitored data on one store showed increase energy use Evaluate first Evaluate first PECI Method: PECI Method: ASHRAE Open Door Heat Loss ASHRAE Open Door Heat Loss 80 percent effective 80 percent effective Door open hours: Survey or default (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 hrs/day) Door open hours: Survey or default (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 hrs/day) Issues: Issues: Is door left open longer due to curtains? Is door left open longer due to curtains? Longevity of curtains Longevity of curtains

12. Load Shape for Savings Need shape for cost-effectiveness analysis Need shape for cost-effectiveness analysis Few previously-existing shapes for refrigeration Few previously-existing shapes for refrigeration Proposal: Six new shapes Proposal: Six new shapes Developed by engineering assumptions, DOE2.2R refrigeration runs, and some metered data Developed by engineering assumptions, DOE2.2R refrigeration runs, and some metered data Reviewed by NRM, PECI, kW Engineering Reviewed by NRM, PECI, kW Engineering

13. Refrigeration Load Shapes GrocRefLoad GrocRefLoad GrocRefUnLoad GrocRefUnLoad GrocFloatHeadAir GrocFloatHeadAir GrocFloatHeadEvap GrocFloatHeadEvap GrocNightCover GrocNightCover GrocAutoCloser GrocAutoCloser GrocDoorGasket GrocDoorGasket See Grocery Shapes.xls Grocery for map of measures & corresponding load shapes and derivation of shapes

14. Time Segments

15. Flat Load

16. GrocRefLoad Follows shape of refrigeration load Follows shape of refrigeration load Responds to ambient conditions at heat sink Responds to ambient conditions at heat sink Based on DOE2 model runs for 8760 hours Based on DOE2 model runs for 8760 hours Tested impact of climate (Boise & Seattle) Tested impact of climate (Boise & Seattle) Tested impact of heat sink (Air & Water Cooled) Tested impact of heat sink (Air & Water Cooled) Tested control type (Fixed & Floating Head) Tested control type (Fixed & Floating Head) Result: Result: Total savings change with factors Total savings change with factors But shape of load remarkably similar But shape of load remarkably similar Proposal: Simple average of 8 cases Proposal: Simple average of 8 cases

17. GrocRefLoad Link to excel

18. GrocRefUnLoad Shape is opposite refrigeration load Shape is opposite refrigeration load Savings occur when refrigeration load is reduced Savings occur when refrigeration load is reduced Unloading compressors or condenser fans with VSD or floating suction Unloading compressors or condenser fans with VSD or floating suction Turn off walk-in evap fans when compressor is off Turn off walk-in evap fans when compressor is off Shape derived from compressor cycling data Shape derived from compressor cycling data

19. GrocRefUnLoad

20. GrocFloatHead Floating head pressure control Floating head pressure control Source DOE2 runs Source DOE2 runs Average for climate, system type & heat sink Average for climate, system type & heat sink Similar to GroceryUnLoad, but steeper Similar to GroceryUnLoad, but steeper Small savings in summer Small savings in summer Little difference by climate Little difference by climate Significant difference Air-Cooled versus Evap-Cooled Significant difference Air-Cooled versus Evap-Cooled Proposal: Two shapes Air-Cooled & Evap Cooled Proposal: Two shapes Air-Cooled & Evap Cooled

21. GrocFloatHead

22. New Load Shapes (3) GrocNightCover GrocNightCover GrocAutoCloser GrocAutoCloser GrocDoorGasket GrocDoorGasket

23. Measure Lives Gaskets 4 Gaskets 4 Night Covers 5 Night Covers 5 Auto-closers 8 Auto-closers 8 Anti-Sweat Heater Control (8 or 12?) Anti-Sweat Heater Control (8 or 12?) ECM Motors (12 or 15?) ECM Motors (12 or 15?) New Efficient cases 12 New Efficient cases 12 Condensers 10 Condensers 10 VFD Refrig Motor10 VFD Refrig Motor10 Multiplex systems 15 Multiplex systems 15 Floating Head Systems 16 Floating Head Systems 16 Case Lighting (12 or 16?) Case Lighting (12 or 16?) For Details: ESG Measures.xls

24. Need Recommendations PECI: Energy Smart Grocer Program Savings method for interactive measures Savings method for interactive measures Unitized savings using simplified methodology Unitized savings using simplified methodology Load shapes for savings Load shapes for savings Measure lives Measure lives Sub Committee to: Sub Committee to: Scope out evaluation plan & protocols Scope out evaluation plan & protocols Design empirical testing for Auto-closer, Door Gasket, Strip Curtains Design empirical testing for Auto-closer, Door Gasket, Strip Curtains