1. Opening address - Oscar Abbink Welcome to ENGINE Workshop 7 Leiden, The Netherlands

2. 2

3. 3 TNO's five core areas TNO Quality of Life TNO Defence, Security and Safety TNO Built Environment and Geosciences TNO Science and Technology TNO Information and Communication Technology TNO's mission is to apply scientific knowledge with the aim of strengthening the innovative power of industry and government. TNO: 4500 staff, 500 mEUR turn-over 300 geoscientists

4. 4 TNO B&O: application areas Sustainable exploration and utilisation of the subsurface Sustainable organisation/ management of the built environment Sustainable use/ management of infrastructure 1 2 3

5. 5 TNO B&O Soil & Groundwater Geo-Energy & Geo-Information (~160 staff) BU manager : Chris te Stroet 5 other business units Oscar AbbinkHenk PagnierBarthold SchrootMartin PeersmanRoel Verreussel GeobiologyDINO Advisory Group for Min. Econ. Aff Oil & Gas Sustainable Geo-Energy CONFIDENTIAL TNO Built Environment & Geosciences Geological Survey of The Netherlands

6. 6 Geo-Energy and Geo-Information Oil&Gas Exploration Production Niche technologies Sustainable Geo-energy Induced seismicity CO 2 storage geothermal energy

7. 7 Exploration new prospects in mature areas frontier basins Coupled HMFC models Proxy studies Thematic maps Undiscovered field

8. 8 Production: Smart fields - smart wells Complex Reservoirs P,T Smart wells Estimated permeability field True k-field Estimated k-field

9. 9 Niche technologies Geological Survey of The Netherlands DINO Basin modeling Geomechanics Fluid flow Biostratigraphy Geochemistry....

10. 10 Subsidence and induced seismicity Subsidence Slochteren Reservoir

11. 11 Probability of Induced earthquakes Investigation of factors controlling induced seismicity (Rob van Eijs, Friday)

12. 12 Efficiency Sustainable CO2 storage Target year Transition to sustainable energy production

13. 13 Efficiency Sustainable CO2 storage Target year Transition to sustainable energy production

14. 14 CO2 storage issues Site selection, storage capacity Geological evaluation and reservoir simulation Risk analysis of a storage site Monitoring and verification CO 2 capture CO 2 injection Enhance Oil recovery (EOR) Enhanced Gas recovery (EGR) Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) storage in aquifers Alternative solutions for energy supply without emissions Policy, regulation and economics

15. 15 CO2 issues

16. 16 CO2 storage: concept of storage capacity “Whole pore volume” Geological/engineering limits Techno-economic/legal limits Match with source Until now, various limitations have/have not been used ( in a mixed way) by various countries No consistent use of this approach…..

17. 17 Depleted gas fields GESTCO (TNO, 2003) Total capacity 3400 Mt Non-Groningen (160 vld) 2140 Mt onshore 1260 Mt offshore 7512 Mt Groningen 206 fields < 4 Mt

18. 18 Depleted gasfields -Timing Groningen (7550 MT) released after 2040 After Breunese, 2006

19. 19 Safety Economics “enhanced recovery” TNO participates in all but one (CO2SINK) CO 2 projects Sites under investigation in Europe

20. 20 Demonstration example: K12 B (GdF) Reservoir engineering Modelling predictions, history matching Monitoring Well integrity Tracers Baseline

21. 21 Aquifer storage: Sleipner site 199419992001 Top reservoir 1 km

22. 22 Hazard analysis Example: De Lier

23. 23 Risk assessment: FEP method for CO2 (Christian Bos, today)

24. 24 Geothermal energy Netherlands -Shallow applications ATES - Aquifer thermal energy storage: Capacity 0.1 - 10 MW, A few 100 systems for offices, hospitals etc GSHP - Ground source heat pumps Some 1000’s systems, individual houses (IF technology) Total capacaity NL: 100-200 MW Open Closed

25. 25 Deep Geothermal Energy in the Netherlands (1) New interest: Energy Policy Document late 90’s : aiming towards 10-20 geothermal doublets in 2020 …about 100 MW Incentives: High oil and gas price New Mining Law 2003 opens up accessibility to O&G data jaar Olieprijs $

26. 26 Deep Geothermal Energy in the Netherlands(2) Low enthalpy doublets possible in sandstone aquifers 1500-4000 m Temperature gradient about 30-32 degrees / km Currentlu:Direct use, in near future: combined with ORC/Kalina systems for electricity ? In future exploration of depths > 4000 m? Re-use of O&G wells (VAN WEES, today) EGS along active faults systems?

27. 27 Current projects Tomato Farmer Bleiswijk: Greenhouse heating Den Haag – Zuid West District heating Provincie Flevoland: Feasibility Geothermal E. Provincie Drenthe: Feasibility Geothermal E. Emmen/Assen EOS project RUG/TUD/WUR: Future Energy use  Spat. Plan. Deep borehole Heat exch. NAM/NUON Barendrecht: District heating Waddenkas Berlicum Greenhouse heating Agriport A7 Green house heating

28. 28 Bleiswijk-Green house heating Doublet @ 1750 m - 60 degC - 4 MW th 7 ha greenhouse- equals use of 3 Mln m 3 gas Investment 5.5 M EUR Wells have been drilled: currently optimisation of production rate

29. 29 District heating Den Haag Zuid-West Planned doublet @ 2200 m - 75 deg C - 6 MW th 3800 houses /20000 m 2 offices connected during 2008-2011 Investment 45 Miljoen EUR (incl. heating grid) current phase: Final well design

30. 30 HAVE A GOOD WORKSHOP !